首都体育学院硕士学位论文跑台运动训练和停训对去卵巢大鼠血清性激素、骨密度和骨微 结构的影响姓名：谢金珍申请学位级别：硕士专业：运动人体科学指导教师：卜淑敏2011-05i 摘摘 要要 实验目的：实验目的：绝经后骨质疏松症是女性绝经后常见的一种疾病。本研究采用去卵巢大鼠模型模拟女性绝经后骨质疏松状况， 探讨中等强度跑台运动减缓去卵巢大鼠骨量丢失的作用机制。 实验方法：实验方法：将 60 只 3 月龄雌性 SD 大鼠按体重随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止和去卵巢运动三个组。手术后第 2 周，去卵巢运动组大鼠先在小动物跑台上开始适应训练 1 周，然后每周进行 4 次/45min、速度 18m/min、坡度 5的跑台训练。正式运动训练 15 周后，将每组大鼠按体重又随机分为两个亚组，分别在去卵巢 16 和 32周，称量各组大鼠体重，腹主动脉取血后处死，收集腹腔内脂肪、子宫、股骨下脂肪以及骨组织并称重。用双能 X 射线骨密度仪检测离体股骨、胫骨、第 5 腰椎骨密度和骨矿物含量；用放射免疫方法检测血清 FSH、LH、T 和 E2水平；用 Micro-CT 观察 L4、股骨远端和胫骨近端微结构变化后用椎体压缩方法检测 L4 骨生物力学性能指标的变化。 实验结果实验结果：去卵巢 16 周后：（1）去卵巢静止组大鼠体重、腹腔内脂肪重量及股骨下脂肪重量显著高于其他两组；子宫重量显著低于假手术组，与去卵巢运动组比较差异无显著性。（2）与去卵巢静止组比较，去卵巢运动组血清 E2水平显著升高，血清 T 水平显著下降，FSH 和 LH 水平均无统计学差异。（3）去卵巢静止组大鼠 L5、股骨远端、胫骨近端、远端 BMD 及 BMC、L4 最大载荷、破坏载荷、弹性模量、最大应力、破坏应力、破坏应变均显著低于假手术组；与去卵巢静止组相比，L5、股骨远端、胫骨近端、远端 BMD 及 BMC、最大载荷、破坏载荷、弹性模量、最大应力、破坏应力显著升高。（4）去卵巢静止组大鼠骨小梁排列较其它两组稀疏、骨小梁间隙较大、骨小梁数目较少。 去卵巢 32 周后，与去卵巢静止组相比：（1）去卵巢运动组大鼠体重、腹腔内脂肪重量、股骨下脂肪重量显著增加，骨小梁排列较致密，数目较多；（2）椎骨L4 的破坏载荷、弹性模量、破坏应力显著降低，骨小梁间隙较小；（3）其他指标均无显著变化。 实验结论实验结论：中等强度跑台运动能：(1)抑制去卵巢大鼠腹腔内脂肪和外周脂肪的增加；增加去卵巢大鼠血清 E2水平，降低 FSH/LH 比值；减缓去卵巢大鼠松质骨骨量的丢失；改善骨组织结构；改善腰椎骨生物力学性能。 （2）运动停训 16 周后，除 L5 骨密度、弹性模量、破坏应力没有变化以外，运动对其它指标的影响均消失。 关键词关键词： 去卵巢大鼠；腰椎三维结构；运动；骨生物力学； ii Abstract Objective: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a commen disease occurred in postmenopausal women. Using ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis model, this paper explored the prevention mechanism of treadmill exercise on the bone loss of ovariectomized rats. Methods: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into following three groups: sham-operation (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized exercised (EX). After one week of adapatation exercise, the EX rat were regular trained for 45 min at a speed of 18 m.min-1 with 5slope five times a week. At the end of the exercise training all the three groups were also divided into two subgroups according to the body weight. At week16 or week32, the rats were necrosy by abdimibnal blooding. The abdominal fat, uterus, subcutaneous fat, and bone tissues were isolated and weighted. Then the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in isolated femur, tibiae, and the fifth lumbar vertebrae were detected by dual-energy X-ray. The serum level of FSH, LH, E2, and T were measured by immuno RIA. After the BMD measurement, the fourth lumbar vertebrae, the distal femur and the proximal tibiae were scanned with Micro-CT. Then the biomechanical properties of femur and lumbar vertebrae were detected by compression tests or three-bending test. Result: After 16 weeks of OVX, (1) the body weight, wet weight of abdominal fat and the wet weight of subcutaneous femur fat in OVX were significantly higher than the other two groups. The uterus wet weight was significantly lower than that of in Sham group while no difference was seen compared with the OVX group. (2) Compared with OVX group, the level of serum E2 in EX group was significantly higher while the serum level of T was significantly lower. No difference was seen in serum level of FSH and LH between EX group and OVX group. (3) The BMD in fifth lumbar vertebrae, the proximal and distal femur, and the proximal tibiae as well as maximum load, failure load, elastic modulus, maximum stress, failure stress, failure strain in the fourth lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower than that of sham group. All these changes could be reversed by EX treatment. (4) Compared with the other two groups, the number of trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats was fewer than the other two groups and the trabecular sparse was great. After 32 weeks of OVX, Compared with OVX group:（1）the body weight ,wet weight of abdominal fat and the wet weight of subcutaneous femur fat in EX group were iii significantly higher, the number of trabecular bone in EX group rats was more,（2）The failure load, elastic modulus, failure stress in the fourth lumbar vertebrae in EX group were significantly lower than the OVX group，the trabecular sparse was smaller. (3) There were no significant changes in other indicators. Conclusions: (1)Treadmill exercise with moderate intensity could inhibit the increase of body fat, increase serum E2 levels, improve the bone histology and biomechanical properties of lumbar vertebra in OVX rats. (2) Apart from the effect of exercise training on BMD, elastic modulus, and failure stress, all the effects produced by exercise training in OVX rats had disappeared after detraining. Key words: Ovariectomized rats; lumbar three-dimensional structure; movement; bone biomechanics; 首都体育学院学位论文原创性声明首都体育学院学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：本论文所用方法、手段及数据、材料真实可靠，研究工作是在导师的指导下独立完成的，无任何剽窃他人成果行为。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权首都体育学院可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 本学位论文属于（请在以下相应方框内打“” ） ： 1、保密，在 1 年解密后适用本授权书。 2、不保密 。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 导师签名：