1汉译英翻译训练1. 翻译的定义翻译是指把一种语言文字的意义转换成另一种语言文字。简言之，翻译是一种用不同的语言文字将原文作者的意思准确地再现出来的艺术。从以上翻译定义我们知道，原文的思想必须尽可能得到保持，不可有所增删。译者的任务只是转换文字而不是改变其意思。因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。准确性是翻译的首要条件。译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思，所选用的字词和句式结构必须如实地传达出原文的思想。表达性是让译文易于理解。换言之，译者必须用自己的手段尽可能地将原文的思想清楚而有力地表达出来。准确性使译出的思想明确无误，而表达性则使译文生动，具有魅力。焦点问题：词语的选择2参考译文： Definition of TranslationTranslation means the conversion of an expression from one language into another. To say it plainly, translation is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as far as possible. Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary, not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. Accuracy is the first indispensable quality of translation. The translator must cautiously stick to the authors idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be such as to convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to 3make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express the authors idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.42. 文化的交流当今的世界，既非丝绸之路时代，亦非马可.波罗时代。从上海去东京，只需两个多小时，相当于从北京到杭州的时间。从中国去地球另一端的美国，也能在日历上的头一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明进步的共同成果。不论是中国的还是外国的历史一再证明：文化需要交流。只有交流，才能相互学习，相互了解；只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向着一座又一座的高峰发展，并共同享用其成果。焦点问题 1. 主语的选择2专有名词的翻译5Cultural exchangeThe world today is no longer the world of times of the Silk Road or Marco Polo. It takes only a little over two hours to fly from Shanghai to Tokyo, just as much time to reach Hangzhou from Beijing. From China we can reach America on the other side of the ocean on the same calender day. With the development of science and technology great distances in the past have been made unbelievably short. This is the achievement of the progress of human civilization. The historical experiences of both China and other countries have once again proved that culture needs exchanging. Through exchange only can we learn from each other and come to know each other better. Through exchange only can we give full play to human wisdom and enjoy the common fruits of civilization.6