PEC 航空英语证书考试航空英语证书考试-航空术语定义航空术语定义ATermDefinitionaerodyneA heavier-than-air craft, deriving its lift from motion.aeronautPilot or crew of lighter-than-gas craft.aeroplaneA power driven heavier than air aircraft that derives support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air on its surfaces that remain fixed under given conditions of flight.(Also airplane)aerostatA lighter-than-air craft, such as a balloon or airship. Its lift is caused by buoyancy relative to surrounding air.aileronsOn an aircraft, the ailerons are a control surface usually on the trailing edge of the wings. The ailerons are used to control roll. The ailerons are on the outside of the wings and operate oppositely (If one goes up, the other goes down).aircraftA vehicle that can travel through the air.airplaneA powered aircraft that derives its lift from the movement of air over fixed lifting surfaces. (Also aeroplane)airshipA lighter-than-air craft that can be steered and propelled through the air. (Also dirigible)attitudeThe orientation of an aircraft with respect to the horizon.autogyroA rotor-craft with unpowered blades - it requires a separate engine to provide forward motion before lift is developed.aviatorPilot or crew member of an aircraft.available seat milesAvailable seat miles (ASMs) is a measure of an airline flights passenger carrying capacity. It is equal to the number of seats onboard an aircraft multiplied by the distance flown in miles. For example, a 100-seat aircraft flying 100 miles would result in 10,000 ASMs. Seats that are not available for sale to revenue- paying passengers (e.g., seats reserved for crew rest, etc.) are excluded from this calculation. The amount of ASMs flown by an airline during a specified period equals the sum of ASMs flown on all flights during the period.aviatrixFemale aviator (Obsolete, potentially offensive in modern use.)available ton miles(ATMs)Tons multiplied by miles flown. It is an international measure of the capacity available for a carrier. It is also used to measure capacity available for freight carriers.BTermDefinitionballoonAn unpowered lighter-than-air craft.biplaneAn aeroplane with two similar-sized wings (or pairs of wings), exactly or approximately in vertical alignment.blimpNon-rigid airship. Its shape is maintained by internal pressure.breakeven load factorThe load factor necessary for an airline to break even. It is a function of the percent of seats filled at a particular yield versus the airlines operating costs.CTermDefinitioncamberThe curved upper surface of the wing.control surfaceAny moveable surface on an aircraft which controls its motion about one of the three principal axes. Ailerons, elevators, and the rudder are examples of control surfaces. In addition, other type of roll control surfaces are roll spoilers that dump lift on one wing or another (as opposed to ailerons), spoilerons (combined spoiler and aileron), and Flaperon (combined flap and aileron). Other combined controls include the ruddervator (combined elevator and rudder as on the “V“ tailed Beech Model 35), Elevons combining elevator and ailerons and Flailavators which control pitch & roll as well as flaps in wing trailing edge control surfaces. Other subsidiary controls are pitch, roll, and rudder trim tabs and the adjustable pitch tailplane (the whole tailplane moves to trim the pitch axis).center of gravity(CG)The point at which the mass of the aircraft is balanced. This changes depending on the loading of the aircraft: fuel, passengers, luggage, etc. Different aircraft have CG limits specified by their manufacturer. If the CG of the aircraft in its current configuration is outside of the specified limits, the aircraft may be unsafe to fly. For example, if the CG is behind the aft (rear) CG limit, the aircraft will tend to stall.courseThe direction in which the aircraft is moving, not to be confused with the heading which is the direction the aircraft is pointing. The course and heading will usually differ because of crosswinds (see crab). The course is also different from the track which is properly the path over the ground that the aircraft has already flown (although course and track are sometimes used synonymously).cost per available seat mile(CASM) The unit operating cost of a carrier, also known as unit cost. The cost, expressed in cents to operate each seat mile offered. Determined by dividing operating costs by ASM (available seat miles).crabA crab is a maneuver used to eliminate the drift of an aircraft caused by wind. The pilot will offset the heading of the aircraft from the desiredtrack by a calculated amount, and the aircrafts velocity combined with the wind through vector addition will give a net movement in the desired direction.chordThe dimension of a wing parallel to the direction of motion.(Compare with span and thickness.)DTermDefinitiondihedralangleThe angle that an aeroplanes wings make relative to the lateral axis (horizontal