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1初中英语连词复习要点初中英语连词复习要点 (一)知识概要 连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词, 它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词连接 的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有 and, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as 等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连 词有:but, however, while (而),only (只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如:or, or else, otherwise 再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有:for, so, therefore (因此),then 等。从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:that, if, whether, 其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有:when while, as, since, before, after, once, as soon as, until, till 连接条件状语的连词有:if, unless, as long as 等, 而原因状语的连接词有 because, since, as, now that (既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点 等状语从句的连接词有:so that, sothat, suchthat, asas, than, where 它们在句子与文 章中几乎无处不见。具体用法见下表。连词用法一览表连词用法一览表 种类功用例句 词He knows neither English nor French. 短语 Are you going by bus or on foot?并列连 词 连接具 有并列 关系的 分句 Mary was a good girl, but she had one shortcoming. 从属连 词状语 从句 Ill do it as you told me. You will be late unless you hurry. 主语 从句 What he said proved true. When well start has not been decided yet. 表语 从句 This is why he didnt come yesterday. That is where he lives.连接代 词和连 接副词宾语 从句The man asked me which I liked best. I cant understand why she is so late. 关系代 词和关 系副词 引导: 定语 从句 Nicotine is a drug that gets one into the habit of smoking. He came last night when I was out.(二) 正误辨析 误 Both my parents are not here. They went to the concert just now.正 Neither of my parents is here. They went to the concert just now.析 在英语中 both 一般用于肯定句中, 如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉 语,如:Both of us are not right. 在英语中应被理解 为“我们俩不都对。“而 Neither of us is right。 才能被理解为“我们俩无一正确“。 误 He or his parents has some tickets for the film. 正 He or his parents have some tickets for the film. 析 由 or 连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。 误 You should study hard, and you wont pass the exam. 正 You should study hard, or you wont pass the exam. 析 or 作为连词,这里的意思为“否则“。又如:Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 误 Though he is poor, but he is ready to help others. 正 Though he is poor, he is ready to help others. 正 He is poor, but he is ready to help others. 析 “虽然但是“是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了“虽然“则不要用“但是“,用 了“但是“则不能再用“虽然“,二者只可用其一。 误 Either you or I are on duty. 正 Either you or I am on duty. 析 eitheror 连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就 近原则。类似的用法还有 or, neither nor, not onlybut also 等。 误 Tom is our English teacher and teaching English in our school now. 正 Tom is our English teacher and is teaching English in our school now. 析 并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的 省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分 不可省略。 误 My father likes swimming and to collect stamps. 正 My father likes swimming and collecting stamps. 析 由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如 用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。 误 My father is reading a newspaper, I am doing my homework. 正 My father is reading a newspaper while I am doing my homework. 析 两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接。2误 My father asked me that if I wanted to learn how to drive. 正 My father asked me if I wanted to learn how to drive. 析 宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。 误 We will go both to Beijing and Shanghai. 正 We will go to both Beijing and Shanghai. 析 用 bothand作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同。 误 Not only Mary but also her brothers is going to dance. 正 Not only Mary but also her brothers are going to dance. 析 由 not only but also连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语 形式应采用就近原则。 误 The teacher as well as his students are coming. 正 The teacher as well as his students is coming. 析 由 as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与 as well as 后面的名词无关,而与前面 的名词相一致。 误 Tom does not swim nor play football. 正 Tom does not swim or play football. 析 nor 主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用 or, 但要注 意句子的含意,如:This animal does not like a cow or a horse. 这个动物既不像牛也不像马。 This animal does not like a cow but a horse. 这个动物不像牛而像马。 误 For there is no light in the classroom. The students must have gone home. 正 The students must have gone home, for there is no light in the classroom. 析 由 for 引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句 首,而应置于主 句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是 because, as, since 与 for 4 个表示原 因的连词中 because 是因果关系,是最强的一个,而 for 是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆 把 for 叫做并列连词 误 My brother will pass the English exam is no question. 正 That my brother will pass the English exam is no question. 析 主语从句的引导词 that 是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。 误 This map will show you how will you get to the hotel. 正 This map will show you how you will get to the hotel. 析 名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那 些使用双宾语的动词,如:tell, ask, show 误 While the clock struch ten, all the lights went out. 正 When the clock struck ten, all the lights went out. 析 while 是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如:While I am doing myhomework, my father is reading a newspaper. 而这里的 when 是“正当某某时刻“,“就在这一时间点上“,其重点强 调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。 误 While I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend. 正 When I was walking along the street yesterday, I met an old friend. 析 这里用 when 表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作 用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态。 误 While I heard the bad news I felt sad. 正 When I heard the bad news, I felt sad. 析 while 不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一
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