祈使句、感叹句、疑问句和句型转换讲义及演练祈使句、感叹句、疑问句和句型转换讲义及演练一、祈使句 1. 概述：在小学英语中是一种很常见且重要的句式，表示说话人请求、命令、建议、禁止等语 气。该句式通常没有主语，多以动词原形开头。 2. 主要有六种情况： a.行为动词原形+宾语+其它成分 Close the window. / Help yourself to some fish. b. Be+表语（名词/形容词）+其它成分 Be a good student! / Be quiet! c.Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分 Lets go home! / let her in. d. dont+动词原形+其它成分 Dont be late. /Dont read in the sun. e.Please+动词短语(please 也可放在句尾，其前加逗号) Please sit down.= Sit down, please. f.No+名词/动名词（是日常生活中常见的警示语） No photos! / No smoking! 3. 祈使句的反意疑问句 a.以动词原形或 dont 开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用 will you / wont you. Dont be late next time, will you? b. 以 Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分构成的祈使句，完整形式， 反意疑问句用 will you, 缩写形式用 shall we. Let us have a look at your photo, will you? Lets go swimming, shall we? 祈使句巧记秘笈：祈使句，无主语，只用谓语就可以。表示请求或命令，加上 please 更客气， stand up, please! 请起立！come here，来这里。如果变成否定句，Dont 开头是 规律。No fishing! 是警示语，祈使句用法要牢记。 二、感叹句 1. 概述：用 what 和 how 引导的句子，what 修饰的是名词，how 修饰的是副词或形容词。2. 结构：What + a/an + 形+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！What+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！How+ 形/副 +（主语+谓语）！_a fine day it is! （What）_useful work we have done! (What)_careful my mother is! (How)_delicious bread it is! (What)3. 名师点拨：从右往左看，先划掉感叹号前的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用 what,剩下的是 形容词或者副词就用 how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词 a/an。 三、疑问句疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。小学英语阶段只出现了前三种 疑问句。1. 一般疑问句：需要用 yes 或 no 来回答。结构：助动词+主语+谓语Have you locked the door? Yes, I have.Can you play the piano? Yes, I can.2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句特殊疑问词：“非常 6+1” ，即 6 个 W 开头的疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/why） 和 1 个 H(How)开头的疑问词。注意 how many/much/fast/often/soon/long/far 与 what+名词的其他用法How much money do you want?How many pictures did you buy?How fast does he drive?How often do you go abroad?How many times do you go swimming in summer?How soon will you come back?How long have you been here？(2) What number are you?What color is your coat?What time is it?What day is it today?3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的。选择疑问句不能用 Yes 和 No 回 答，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试中出现选择疑问句的选择题，选项 中的 Yes 和 No 都要排除。Do you like tea or coffee？ I like coffee.Do you speak English or French? I speak EnglishWho runs faster, Tom or John? Tom.随堂演练（满分随堂演练（满分 100 分）分）一、填入适当的词。一、填入适当的词。 （8*1 分分=8 分）分）1.Please wait for me. _walk so fast.2._quiet, please.3._ sit straight.4._ go shopping now.5._spitting.6._ talking, class begins.7._ a good time!8._ talk to your mum like that! 二、写出下列祈使句的反义疑问句二、写出下列祈使句的反义疑问句 (8*1 分分=8 分分)1. Lets go,_? 2. Dont make such noise, _?3. Teacher, let us go out to play,_? 4. Lets go together, _?5. Let each man decide for himself, _? 6. Let us go together, _?7. Come and join us, _? 8. Dont fight with others, _?三、翻译下列各句三、翻译下列各句 （10*2 分分=20 分）分）1.咱们一起玩吧! _2.请不要迟到!_3.回答这个问题. _4. 别那么写!_5.告诉我你的名字! _6. 一定要勇敢! _7. 来加入我们吧！_8. 别浪费时间！_9. 我们周日去游泳吧！_10. 禁止吸烟！_ 四、感叹句选择专练四、感叹句选择专练 （30*1.5 分分=45 分）分） ( )1._a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. Whats ( )2._she dances! A. How good B. How well C. What well ( )3._quiet the park is! A.What a B. How C. How a ( )4._his father works! A.How careful B. How carefully C. What careful ( )5._noisy they are making! A.What B. How C. How a ( )6._delicious soup! A.How B. What C. What a ( )7._heavy snow! A.What a B. What C. How ( )8._old bike Li Lei is riding! A.What a B. What an C. How ( )9._exciting moment it is! A.How B. How an C. What an ( )10._supper were having today! A.What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious ( )11._fine weather it is today! A.How B. What a C. What ( )12._fast the boys are running! A.What B. What a C. How ( )13._the mooncakes are! A.How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious ( )14._surprising news it is! A.How B. What C. What a ( )15._time were having today! A.What a good B. How good C. What good ( )16._I miss you ! A.What B. How C. How do ( )17.Look! _beautiful that lake is! A.How B. What C. What a ( )18. _ slowly Tom runs! A.How B. What C. What a ( )19._lovely the snow looks! A.What B. How C. What a ( )20._useful information it is! A.What an B. How C. What ( )21._beautiful flowers they are! A.How B. What C. What a ( )22._lovely a girl she is! A.What