研究生毕业论文（申请专业硕士学位）论文题目 学 习 者 与 专 家 译 者 处 理学术 语 篇 中 定 语 从 句 翻 译 的策 略 对 比 研 究 作者姓名 叶 玉 萍 专业名称 翻译硕士 研究方向 英汉笔译 指导教师 陈新仁教授、包亚芝编审 二一年十一月十六日A Comparative Study on the Translation Practice of Attributive Clauses in Academic Discourse between Learners and ExpertsByYe YupingUnder the Supervision ofProf. Chen XinrenOhmae 1990 and 1995;Wriston 1992;Guehenno 1995). An opposing group portrays it as a destructive force born of unfettered Capitalism and dehumanising technology (cf. Callinicos 1994;Greideer 1997; Rodrik 1997; Mittelman 2000). Some economists take an extreme view and suggest that the world now has the capacity to act as a single economic unit (cf. Luard 1990; Ohmae 1995; Cstells 1996; Albrow 1997). Others are sceptical and remind us that history is cyclical and that, arguably, foreign trade represented as great a proportion of states economic activity in 1900 as in 2000 (cf. Gordon 1988; Hirst and Thompson 1996; Wade 1996; Weiss 1998). Some social theorists argue that advocacy and pressure groups now act in a completely transnational way with environmental pressure groups, rights groups, womens liberation movements, unconstrained by borders (cf. Robertson 1992; Albrow 1997;Guidry, Kennedy and Zald 2000;). Others remind us that this is hardly new; the struggle for female suffrage, the abolition of slavery and the rights of trade unions were fought for by international movements (Keck andSikkinlt51998). The debate about the long-term effects is equally fractured and there is no consensus on whether globalisation will be pernicious or beneficial in economic and political terms. The jury is still out, and it may well be that the final outcome of globalisation will be fudged a complex mixture of benefit and harm.One aspect of globalisation, however, is not contested. The group that characterises the phenomenon as the conquest of geographical space and real-time interaction on a global scale (cf. Giddens 1990; Mittelman 1996; Held et al. 1999) has clear evidence to illustrate that the multidirectional cross border flows of goods, services, money, people, information and culture are going faster and further than 5ever before. The difference in rate and kind between the contacts that accompany globalisation and those provoked by imperialism and world trade in the past are clear. Flows from one part of the globe to another are almost instantaneous. All those who possess the hardware and have access to the electricity that permits use of audio-visual and information technology are constantly informed of what is taking place in other parts of the world. It is essential to underscore the necessity for such a proviso. In discussing the flow and networks of globalisation that audio-visual and information technologies have made possible, it would be wise to remember the claim that was prevalent in the late 1990s: that there were as many telephone lines in Manhattan as there were in the whole of Africa. Globalisation is thus far an affair that touches elites far more than other groups, and having access to the technology divides the world into the haves and have-nots. However, for the former, for those with access, feelings of involvement are now increasingly global; the images of famine, drought, flood, earthquake and war from all continents are in our living rooms and news is presented as if from the global village. The immediate knowledge of events elsewhere in the world changes us psychologically and it is difficult to be detached when we see conflict, protest or disaster in real time. This is actuality not history, and we are within a time frame where our reaction could conceivably affect events.In the programmes that promote fantasy rather than the real world, viewers also share experience. Soap operas from one part of the globe may be watched in another, causing us to resolve some of our dilemmas and review some of our emotions through the filter of a shared fiction. Sports programmes often have a global audience. If we know nothing else about our neighbours, we know their sports teams.Moreover, the group involved in this is growing fast. The expansion in availability of information technology is phenomenal and recent surveys suggest that one in five of the worlds population will soon have access to the Internet (NUA 2002) and that 514 million people already have an email address (NUA 2002). In parts of the world where there has been low participation (e.g. Africa and South America), Internet access is increasing at about 20 per cent a year (NUA 2002) which suggests that disparities may narrow if not close. Only the most isolated communities are 6completely untouched by this phenomenon. The cyber cafe has penetrated to some remote places and the proportion of humanity totally unaffected by television or film becomes an ever smaller minority. Thus new ideas, new theories, new approaches, new techniques, whether helpful or harmful, can be d