Modeling Sources in LightToolsFebruary 20103280 East Foothill Boulevard, Suite 300 Pasadena, California 91107 USA Tel: (626) 795-9101 Fax: (626) 795-0184 E-mail: serviceopticalres.com http:/www.opticalres.comMenuSearchThe information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Optical Research Associates (ORA). ORA assumes no liability for any errors that may appear in this document.The software described in this document is furnished under license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license. The LightTools output shown (plotted and printed) may vary in different versions.Copyright 2010 by Optical Research Associates. All rights reserved.Proprietary Software NotificationLightTools is the proprietary and confidential property of ORA and/or its suppliers. It is licensed for use on the designated equipment on which it was originally installed and cannot be modified, duplicated, or copied in any form without prior written consent of ORA. If supplied under a U.S. Government contract, the following also applies:Restricted Rights LegendUse, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or in subparagraph (c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FARS 52.227-19.ORA, CODE V, and LightTools are registered trademarks of Optical Research Associates. Other trademarks or marks are the property of their respective companies.MenuSearchModeling Sources in LightTools iiiContentsChapter 1Introduction .1Prerequisites.1 What is Covered in this Tutorial.1 Files Included with this Tutorial.2 Source Modeling Trade-offs.2 Measurement-Based Models.3 Fabricated Sources.4 Incandescent Filament Lamps .5 Tungsten as a Filament Material.7 Tungsten Halogen Lamps.9 High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps.10 Mercury Vapor Lamp.10 High-Pressure Sodium Lamps.11 Metal Halide Lamps .12 Xenon Lamps.13 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) .14 LED Packages.15 LED Performance.16 Phosphor-Based White LEDs.18Chapter 2Tungsten Filament Lamps.19Filament Intensity Profile .20 Optical Properties of the Tungsten Filament.23 Reflectivity .23 Luminance .24 Filament Structure .25 Blackbody Effect of Coiled Filaments .27 Filament End Cooling Effects .27 Considering Lamp Envelope (Bulb) Materials.