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济南沃尔得国际英语1www.jnworld.cn标点标点标点是在文章中加上标记,使意思更容易理解。这些标记是:句号(),问号 (?),感叹号(!),这三者表示较长的停顿;分号(;),冒号(:),这两种表 示中等长度的停顿;破折号()及逗号(,),这两者表示少许停顿;引号 ( ),园括号( )及方括号( ),这些都是一对一对使用的;还有省字号 (),连字号(-),这些都是插在字内的;大写(ABC)及斜体(abc),这两者本 身,含有标记。上述标点符号可以放在:1)有关词的后面后面:He came(句号放在陈述句后面)2)有关词前面前面:I will stay-Do you go with them?(破折号放在表示意思突然转 折的字句前面)3)有关词的前面前面和后面后面:John,of course,will come(插入的短语前面加一逗 号,后面也加一逗号。)4)有关两组词的中间中间:John came to me,and I asked him to dinner(逗号插在两个并列分句中间)5)一个词的内部内部:John,uncles(大写 J 安插在 John 这个词内部,省字号也安 插在 uncles 这词内部。)句号()句号()17881788句号(Period 或 Full Stop)有下面用法:1用在陈述句后:He came hereHe will help me但不可用在书名、文章题目、诗歌标题后面,即使是一个句子:She Stoops to ConquerMy Days Have Been Wondrous Free2用在祈使句后:济南沃尔得国际英语2www.jnworld.cnCome hereBe good enough to help me3用在形式上为问句而实质上是祈使句的句子后:Would you take dinner with me(或?)Could you wait a few minutes(或?)4用在省略句后:“Is he worried?”“No,just doubtfulDoubtful of every thing”“Who did it?”“George”“John,can you pay me back?”“Not today”5用在主体词后以强调在句末同位语:He is a great manA social reformer like Gandhi即使主体词是一主语,亦然:They all attended the partyPoliticians,scientists,and engineers如此句号也可强调句末副词(短语):He works every dayAssiduously and patientlyHe has lost confidenceIn the world and himselfHe works extremely hardIn order to make money也可强调状语从句:He lost more and more friendsBecause he became poorer and poorerOne can accomplish anythingIf one has patience enough6句号也可用于书信中地址的结尾以及日期的后面:Johnson and Company,济南沃尔得国际英语3www.jnworld.cn988 Kings Street,HongkongMay 16,1982The Manager,Vin Loi Trading Company,684 Mekong Street,Bangkok,Thailand这些句号可以省略,而逗号有些也可省略,但地址及日期内部的逗号不能省略(如 Bangkok,Thailand 和 May 16,1982)。7句号可用在小数前(前面是整数,后面是小数),作为小数点:23. 541(twentythree dollars and something)注意在数字中逗号和句号的差别:478,607,823.5418用在缩写词后面(可称为缩写号,现在在英国多省略):MrEsqMrsDrRevStJrPhDBros;YMCAUSIS BBC;CoCIFCOD;32gr6ft4in; 9AM450 BCAD1150如果一个组织已很著名,句号可以省略:USIS UNO UNRRA UNESCO USSR TVR NBC有些缩写词可以分音节,像一个普通词那样读音:UNO:o,UNRRA,USAF:缩写词如果不能分音节,则必须按每个字母原来的音读(如 bi:bi:si:):济南沃尔得国际英语4www.jnworld.cnBBCYMCAUSN注意,在下面这些字后不加句号:M,Miss;OE;Henry V,Book Four;1st, 2nd,3rd,4th;via,vide,en route;flu,Pub,cab,bus,zoo;Fred,Sam; H2O,CaCo39用在括号内的完整句子中:He was very ill that day(I knew very well that he was)But he refused to see the doctor点点点(点点点()1几个()表示有几个字母省略:DeI take it(这里 vi 两个字母省略)2三个点表示一个引用的句子中在前面或中间有一部分词省略(必要时在三点的一 边可加逗号或冒号):“books,pencils,slates,glue,are on sale”在引用的句子后部用四个点也可表示未说完的话(也许是故意未说的):“Put your hands up,otherwise”在两个完整句子之间,也需打四个点,表示有一个或更多句子省略(如果前面的句 子以问号或感叹号结尾,则只需打三个点):Then they got marriedAfter two years they had a baby”3引用的两段话之间的虚线表示有一段或多段话省略:4虚线还可引导视线到较远的词:Definition of Economicspage 275点点点还可表示一些不难猜出或让读者捉摸的东西:He whispered to herThen at midnight济南沃尔得国际英语5www.jnworld.cn问号(?)问号(?)问号有下面用法:1用在问句后面:Do you know him?用于用作书名或文章标题的问句后面:Where Is the World Going?不能用在作从句的问句中:They all asked whether I knew him用在引用的问句后:They asked me,“Do you know him?”用在选择问句的末尾(不能用在 or 前):Will you stay here or start tomorrow?Is this yours or mine?用在一系列问句的每一个问句后面:Who is to blame?You?He?or I?Who started the war?who prolonged it?and who should end it?are questions hard to answer2用在形式为问句的祈使句后:Would you come and take lunch with me?(或)Could you wait a bit? (或)3用在以陈述句形式提出的问题后(句子用升调):You know him?I dare not speak to her?4用在以问句形式提出的感叹句后:济南沃尔得国际英语6www.jnworld.cnHow could you say such a thing?(或!)What more do you want now?(或!)5用在括号中表示前面说法不能肯定:He made a trip on July 6(?)6用来说反话(也放在括号中,这种用法品味不高):We had a good(?)(=unpleasant)time the other day感叹号(!)感叹号(!)感叹号有下面用法:1用在惊叹词后:Oh dear!What(or what)are you doing there?For shame!How(or how)could you do that?Good heavens!(or,)is it you?He has,alas!failed again惊叹词意思较弱时可以不用(以逗号代替):Why,that is easyOh yes,I have forgottenIt costs, oh,only a dollarAh,thats what I wantWell,Im wrong?2用在作惊叹词用的其他词类后:Fire!Quick!Silly fellow!Ridiculous!3用在以(to think)that 引起的表示情绪的句子后:To think that bread should be so dear!That bread should be so dear!济南沃尔得国际英语7www.jnworld.cn4用在“名词+关系从句”后,表示情绪:A pleasant trip we have had!The life we live!5用在以 what 开头的感叹句后:What a pity it is!What great work he has done!用在以 how 开始的感叹句后:How beautiful the poem is!How hard he works!甚至用在作书名、文章标题等的感叹句后:What a Silly Girl I Have Been!6用在表示一定情绪的祈使句中:Just imagine!Tell the truth!Speak no more!7用在表示愿望的句子后:Long live the king!O that I had wings!O for the wings of a bird!Curses upon him!God be thanked!8用在表示某种情绪的省略句中:No business of yours!Just a minute!And youll see济南沃尔得国际英语8www.jnworld.cnYou coward!No more!He is a doctor!9用在戏剧性的句子中(但这种用法品味不高):I told you!He went abroad with only ten dollars in his pocket!冒号(:)冒号(:)冒号有下面用法:1用在一个严肃的长引语前(在一般短的引语前用逗号):Bacon said:“Reading makes a full man,”2用在正式信函的称呼语后(在非正式信函中用逗号):Dear Sir:3用在总称之后,后面跟有例子:He has many books:Hamlet,Paradise Lost,Don Quixote,and othersCorrect the following words:childs,mouses,oxesOur question:Why(or why)should man kill himself?My opinion is this:Nobody
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