Classified Index: CODE: 10075 U.D.C.: NO.:034022 A Dissertation for the Degree of M. History The Study of Several Problems of Custom Policy in Song Dynasty Candidate: Chen Hui Supervisor: Professor Wang Shan-Jun Professor Liu Qiu-Gen Specialty: Ancient History of China Academic Degree Applied for: Master of History University: Hebei University Date of Oral Examination: June, 2006 摘 要 I摘 要 风俗是指社会群体在日常生活中积久而成的集体习惯， 具有传习性、 扩散性和难于变化移易的凝固性等特点，对社会影响深远。正因为具有这些特点和深远的影响力，风俗得到了历代统治者的重视，他们对风俗纷纷采取采风问俗、移风易俗、倡良俗、除陋俗等风俗政策，以确保统治者集团的统治，维护当时的社会稳定。宋代是封建社会承上启下的时代，社会风俗在继承前朝的基础上，出现了新的特征，当时的统治集团，把自已对风俗的认识，当做衡量风俗好坏的标准，并从自身利益出发制定出相关的政策，大力提倡良俗，打击陋俗，以确保其统治。本文试通过选取宋代的“以忠孝正风俗”、打击“不举子”、“淫祀”陋俗诸政策，对宋代的风俗政策作些考察。北宋政权承袭五代而来，而五代时期由于政治、经济、思想、军事上的长期混乱，给当时的风俗带来了消极影响。这种影响也延续到了北宋，为了消除这种影响、树立良风美俗，更为了巩固政权，宋太祖、宋太宗大力提倡忠孝，并颁布各种奖忠惩佞的政策来正风俗，并取得了成效，这不仅对宋代，而且对明清也产生了一定影响。由于种种原因，“不举子”、“淫祀”陋俗盛行于两宋，它们干扰了政府统治、危害了社会的稳定，所以两宋政府采取了一系列政策以整饬这些陋俗。整饬结果虽然取得一定成效，但由于某些官吏在执行政策过程中， 为了从中获利而忽视对陋俗的整治； 或者对盛行而又难以移易的陋俗予以妥协。所以整饬“不举子”、“淫祀”陋俗的政策难以在各地贯彻始终。尽管这些风俗政策在实施过程中有的成功，也有的失败，但它们都对这一时期、乃至后世风俗的演变及社会的发展产生了一定影响。 关键词：宋代 风俗 政策Abstract IIAbstract Custom refers to collective habits that social groups accumulate after a long time in daily life,and it has the characteristics of impart and inherit, spreading, spreading and solidifyingwhich is difficult to change or move ,with far-reaching influence to the sociaty. Just because of having these characteristics and far-reaching influence, the custom has got the attention of the past dynasties rulers. They adopted various policies including investigating and understanding customs ,changing customs initiating good customs and eliminating undesirable customs, so as to ensure the governance of rulers group and safeguard the social stability inthat time. Song Dynasty was an era when feudal society formed a connecting link and new characteristics of social customs turned up on the fundament of former dynasty.The ruling group at that time regarded their understanding to the customs quality and made relavent policies proceeding from their own interest.They recommended the good customs in a more cost-effective manner and attack the undesirable customs so as to ensure their ruling.This text tries to do some investigation to the custom policies of Song Dynasty though “using loyalty and filial piety to retify the customs”,”attacking not raising babaies”and policies to the undesirable custom of absurd sacrificing.The regime of Bei Song Dynasty came following Five Dynasty and the long-term confusion of policies,economy,thought and military affairs in Five Dynasty period brought negative influence to the customs in that time.This kind of influence has extended to Bei Song Dynasty.In order to dispel the influence,establish good customs,even more to consolidate the regime,TaiZu and TaiZong recommended loalty and filial very much and promulgate various policies about awarding loyalty and punishing straight customs to reform customs,having made the effect which was not only on Song Dynasty,but also extended influence on the Ming and Qing Dynasties.For various reasons,the undesirable customs of “not raising babaies” and “absurd sacrificing” prevailing in Song Dynasty have interfered with government,s ruling and endangered the stability of the society,therefore the government of Song Dynasty has adopted a series of policies to order the undesirable customs.Although it had made certain effect,because some officials ignored the Abstract IIIrenovation of the undesirable customs or compromised with it in order to make profit from it in the course of pursuing them,it was difficult to prosecute the policies in all parts of the nation to the end.Tough there was success and fail in the course of implementing the custom policies,they had all exerted a certain influence on the ev0lution of the custom and the development of society in this period and even later age. Key Words:Song Dynasty Custom Policy 目 录 IV目 录 绪绪 论论1 第一章 宋代以前及前代官方对民间风俗的重视第一章 宋代以前及前代官方对民间风俗的重视3 第一节 宋代以前官方的风俗政策3 第二节 宋代君臣对“同风俗”的重视7 第二章 宋太祖、太宗时期以忠孝正风俗的政策第二章 宋太祖、太宗时期以忠孝正风俗的政策12 第一节 宋太祖、太宗时期制定以忠孝正风俗政策的背景12 第二节 宋太祖、太宗以“孝”正风俗的政策12 第三节 宋太祖、太宗以“忠”正风俗的政策13 第三章 宋代打击“不举子”陋俗的政策第三章 宋代打击“不举子”陋俗的政策23 第一节 宋代存在“不举子”陋俗的原因及危害26 第二节 政府对“不举子”现象采取的措施30 第四章 摒除“淫祀”陋俗的政策第四章 摒除“淫祀”陋俗的政策37 第一节 宋代淫祀的泛滥、危害及原因37 第二节 宋代禁止、打击淫祀的政策42 第五章 对宋代风俗政策实施效果的评价 第五章 对宋代风俗政策实施效果的评价48 结 语结 语50 参 考 文 献参 考 文 献52 绪 论 1绪 论 中