物流英语（下）主编：王艳 制作：李晓新 2008年3月物流英语nUnit 1 Introduction to LogisticsnUnit 2 Customer ServicenUnit 3 WarehousingnUnit 4 Transportation and DistributionnUnit 5 PackagingnUnit 6 International LogisticsnUnit 7 Purchasing物流英语nUnit 8 the Third Party LogisticsnUnit 9 Supply Chain ManagementnUnit 10 Logistics Information ManagementUnit 7 PurchasingnText 1 PurchasingnDialogue 1 What is PurchasingnText 2 Purchasing ProcessnDialogue 2 Ordering EquipmentText 1 Purchasing【Para 1】Definition of Purchasing（采购的 概念）Purchasing is not simply buying goods and services, and it is a group of functional activities associated with buying the goods and services required by organizations. These activities include supplier identification and selection, buying, negotiation and contracting, supply market research, supplier measurement and improvement, and purchasing systems development, etc.Text 1 Purchasing【Para 2】the Role of Purchasing（采购的作用）The most important and traditional role of purchasing is to meet the requirements of internal users. In the past, the emphasis was laid to buy what firms need from the right source, at the right price, in the right quantity, to the right internal customer and at the right specifications. However, with the increase of outsourcing, firms are more and more relying on external suppliers to provide not just materials and products, but also information technology, service, and even logistics. Therefore, to ensure the uninterrupted flow of high-quality goods and services is becoming more critical for modern enterprises. Text 1 PurchasingPurchasing department must develop and maintain close relationships with other functional groups within the organization which may include manufacturing, marketing, technology and finance. Effective communication with these departments is essential and necessary for the whole organization to keep as competitive. For example, if a suppliers components are defective and causing problem for manufacturing, then the purchasing department must work with the supplier to improve their quality. Text 1 PurchasingIn order to ensure the current suppliers are competitive, purchasing must identify new suppliers and improve or replace the existing suppliers who are not meeting the requirements. That means that purchasing needs to keep abreast of the newest conditions in supply market.Text 1 Purchasing【Para 3】the Need of Purchasing（采购需求）Nowadays the need for purchasing to be involved in corporate strategy has received a great deal of attention. The reason is that the amount of money spent on purchasing has increased significantly, and the potential savings from strategic management of purchasing are considerable. Another factor is the trend toward outsourcing, which means firms must manage their suppliers effectively. Now it is believed that suppliers play a critical role in supporting a firms competitive strategy, whether it is cost leadership, differentiation, or a mixed strategy. Text 1 Purchasing【Para 4】Decision of Purchasing（采购决 策）Purchasing those products and services which firms can not produce is necessary and easily understood, but if they can make or provide these products and services in-house, what will they do? Decisions about whether a producer of goods or services will insource or outsource are also called make-or-buy decisions. Answering such questions is often not as obvious as black and white. Text 1 PurchasingTo make it clear, management needs to answer the question: What is the difference in relevant costs between the alternatives? Therefore, it is necessary to calculate costs among alternatives and consider its resources and opportunity cost. Finally, some other strategic issues also need to be taken into account. Text 1 PurchasingNew Words and Phrasesnfunctional adj. 功能的ninternal adj. 内部的nspecification n. 规格, 规范noutsourcing n. 外包，外购nensure v. 确保nuninterrupted adj. 不间断的，连续的nenterprise n. 企业，商业机构Text 1 Purchasingnfinance n. 财务，金融nessential adj. 基本的，必需的ncompetitive adj. 有竞争力的，竞争 的 ncomponent n. 零件，部分ndefective adj. 有缺陷的ndifferentiation n. 差异化nrelevant adj. 相关的，相应的nalternative adj. 选择性的，二中选一的Text 1 Purchasingnstrategic adj. 战略上的，关键的nlaid to 把归于nrely on 依赖，依靠nkeep abreast of 保持与.并列ncost leadership 成本领先nopportunity cost 机会成本ntake into account 重视，考虑Text 1 PurchasingNotes1These activities include supplier identification and selection, buying, negotiation and contracting, supply market research, supplier measurement and improvement, and purchasing systems development, etc. 这些活动包括供应商的认定和选择， 采购，谈判、合同签订，供应市场调研， 供应商的考核和改进，以及采购系统的开 发等等。Text 1 Pur