Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade 单位 1 简要介绍国际贸易 Key 关键 I. Answer my questions i .回答我的问题 1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. 1。国际贸易业务的活动涉及到穿越国界。它不仅包括国际贸易和外国制造业,还包括不断 增长的服务业等领域的运输、旅游、银行、广告、建筑、零售、批发、和大众传媒。它包 括所有的业务事务涉及两个或更多国家。这样的业务关系可能是私人或政府。 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 2。销售扩张、资源采集、多样化的销售和供应。 3. To gain profit. 3。以获得利润。 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 4。到 seej 外国市场和采购。 5. There are four major forms which are the following: 5。有四种主要形式,如下: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise. 商品出口和进口,服务出口和进口、投资和跨国企业。 6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg. the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 6。它是账户是一个汇总表流动的所有国际经济和金融事务之间一个国家(如。美国)和世界 上其他地区的一段时间内,通常是一年。 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 7。商品出口和进口。 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 8。是的。他们之间有很大的差异。 1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties. 1)直接投资控制权时,投资。这通常意味着高承诺的资金、人员和技术在国外。它旨在获得 外国资源和外国市场。直接投资可能会变得更高国外销售超过出口。有时它涉及两个或更 多的政党。 2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 2)而组合投资并没有受到控制。和它们主要用于金融方面。宝藏的公司,例如,经常更多资金 从一个国家到另一个以获取较高收益在短期投资。 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 9。外资是缩写的跨国企业。它的同义词是 NNC(跨国公司)和全国过渡委员会(跨国公司)。 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 10。例子是旅游、运输、费用、版税、股息和利息。 11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate. 11。形式的选择是受的目标是追求和环境的公司必须操作。 12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firms products and services and by customers capacity to make purchase. 12。这是数量有限的人感兴趣的一个公司的产品和服务以及消费者的购买能力。 13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firms resources. 13。这是因为在早期阶段的国际参与这些操作通常需要最少的承诺和最小风险公司的资源。14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements. Royalties are also paid franchising. 14。版税意味着支付国外资产的使用,例如商标金属盘,版权或其他合同下的专业技术称为许 可协议。版税收入也特许经营。 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers business. 15。这是一个做生意的方式中,一方(经销商)使用一个商标,是一个重要的资产的特许人的商 业。II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right II 匹配每一个在左边和右边的正确的词义 1. J 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. I 8. G 9. F 10.H 1。J 2。一个 3。E 4。b 5。C 6。D 7。我 8。G 9。F 10. hIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese III 翻译以下术语和短语译成中文 1 购买力 11 经济复苏；恢复 1 购买力 11 经济复苏;恢复 2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 3 加价，涨价 13 间接投资 3 加价,涨价 13 间接投资 4 国内市场 14 有形货物 4 国内市场 14 有形货物 5 制成品 15 有形进出口 5 制成品 15 有形进出口 6 边际利润 16 收入及支出；岁入及岁出 6 边际利润 16 收入及支出;岁入及岁出 7 市场占有率 17 超额能力 7 市场占有率 17 超额能力 8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人（商） ；经纪人 8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人(商);经纪人 9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式 9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式 10 经销周期 20 许可证协定 10 经销周期 20 许可证协定IV. Case Study. IV。案例研究。 Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why? 电池被称为“白象”从中国出口都很受欢迎,在东南亚,但在美国没有人感兴趣的商品。为什 么? Answer： 结论: Batteries called “white elephant“ exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because “white elephant“ was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand “white elephant“ to be blame. The brands name translated into English was