1ConversionThe change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation. Conversion in EC translation 1. Converting into verbs: One of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax is the use of the verb. It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence. 1)Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住住在楼上的人家得提着得提着水桶去去楼下的水龙头打水打水。 2)The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 3)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 4)I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 5)The government called for the establishment of more technical schools. 6)My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once. 7)No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago. 8)Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 9)Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 10) He came to my home for help. 11) It was a very informative meeting. 12) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 13) Both of the substances are soluble in water. 14) His poor health forced him away from England. 15) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.2. Converting into nouns: 1)To them, he personified absolute power. 2)Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job. 3)A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 4)They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 5)He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. 6)It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting. 7)All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away.3. Converting into adjectives 1)The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 2)This experiment was a success. 3)Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 4)As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 5)He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 6)Boys often think differently from girls.27)He is physically weak but mentally sound.4. Converting into adverbs 1)Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials. 2)A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere. 3)He didnt succeed in ringing her up, for he dialed the wrong number. 4)Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements. 5)We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries. 6)I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 7)The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.Conversions in CE translation 1. Converting verbs into other parts of speech 1)他负责翻译这个章节。He is responsible for the translation of this chapter. 2)一想到要去美国，他感到非常高兴。He was delighted at the thought that he would go to the United States. 3)我们特别强调搞好售后服务。We lay special stress on the importance of offering good follow- up service. 4)计算机出现后，这种论调才流行。This argument was not prevalent until the advent of computers. 5)他害怕蜘蛛。He is afraid of spiders. 6)她漂亮得无法形容。Her beauty is beyond description. 7)他热爱科学研究，但对提升职称不感兴趣。 He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion. 8)大多数子女都想独立，不愿依靠他们的父母。 Most children want to be independent of their parents. 9)他到商店去买酱油。He went to the shop for a bottle of soy sauce. 10) 我们不应该只追求名誉地位。We should not be after only fame and position. 11) 我谨代表全公司，感谢你所做的所有工作。 On the behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 12) 校长带着外宾参观校园。The president took the foreign guests about the campus. 13) 她坐在那里沉默了一会儿，然后哭了起来。She sat silently for a while, then started weeping. 14) 去年这种帽子流行了一阵子。This hat was in for a while last year. 15) 它大得吓人。It is surprisingly large.2. Converting nouns into other parts of speech 1)他的演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象。His lecture impressed the audience deeply. 2)他的画的特点是笔力沉着，颜色鲜明。 His paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors. 3)他的到来是我们的光荣。He has honored us with his presence. 4)他的呼吸有大蒜味道。His breath smells of garlic. 5)他们将为盲人和聋人建所学校。They will build a school for the blind and the deaf. 6)我们应该尊老爱幼。We should respect the old and love the young. 7)学生们应该德、智、体全面发展。3All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. 8)楼下有人要见你。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 9)领导干部要讲政治。Cadres should be politically minded.3. Converting adjectives and adverbs into other parts of speech 1)温暖的屋子使他昏昏欲睡。The warmth of the room made him sleepy. 2)空气是那么清香，使人感到格外凉爽、舒畅。 The air was so fresh and fragrant that it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and comfort. 3)我们很高兴地接受了他的邀