1Unit 1 Section A. Learning a Foreign Language. A. Text analysis: The author presents the reader his own language learning experiences for different stages, from junior middle school to online learning, and for each different stage of learning he describes an effect that results from some causes.This is an example of cause and effect writing, which makes clear that reasons why something happens by showing the relation between a cause and it effect. B. Structure analysis: Part one (Para.1) Introduce the topic: learning a foreign language Part two(Para.2-7): A (Para. 2) In junior middle school-like to learn-praise from the teacher B (Para. 3) In senior middle school-dislike-punishment from the teacher C (Para. 4) In college-dislike-cannot answer question, not at the top D (Para. 5-7) On line learning-like to learn-confidence Part three (Para. 8) Summery . Background Information Online learning, a form of distance education, refers to learning and supportive resources that are available through a networked computer. With the development of the Internet, online learning often takes place on the Internet. In an online lesson, the computer displays material (often in web browsers)in response to a learners request. The computer asks the learner for more information and presents appropriate material based on the learners input. New Horizon College English (http:/www.nhce.edu.cn) is a good example of a complex online EFL learning system. III.New Words *1. reward vt. give sth. in return for good and valuable doings 报答，酬谢，奖励 The father rewarded the little boy for cleaning the room. 小男孩因为打扫了房间而受到父亲的奖励。n. 1).sth. as a return for good and valuable doings 报答，奖赏 As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents. 她因为通过了考试，父母给她买了一辆新自行车作为奖励。 2).some money given to someone for his good doings 报酬，酬金 I hear there is a big reward for the seizing of the thief. 我听说为捉拿那小偷设立了重奖。区别：区别：award vt.1） 授予、给予、奖给授予、给予、奖给 He has been awarded a scholarship to study aboard. 他已经取得出国留学的奖学金。 2）判定、裁给、判给）判定、裁给、判给 The judge awarded his $ 2500 as damages. 法官判给他 2500 美元作为赔偿费。*2.frustrate / frustration / frustrated/ frutrating2vt. 1). cause sb. to have feelings of disappointment 使沮丧，使灰心 The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police. 警方因缺乏证据而感到很伤脑筋。 2). cause the failure of sth. 使挫败，使受挫折 The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out. 坏天气使我们打消了外出的念头。 Phrases: be frustrating to do / that.frustrated in sth. /to do . *3. junior n. 1). someone who is younger 年少者 He is my junior by several years. 他比我小几岁。 2). some of low or lower position 地位较低者，晚辈 She joined the firm a year ago and is a junior partner now. 她是去年才到公司工作的，现在是我的下属。 重点：以“-ior”结尾的形容词，在比较时，后面接“to”而不接“than” ，类似的词有： junior 年小的, senior 年长的, inferior 次的, superior 优于的, minor 较小（少）的, major 较大（多）的 等。 In computer programming, this model is obviously superior to any of the others we have in the department. * 4. positive / negative / positiveness a. 1). leading to a practical action 积极的，肯定的 positive advice 积极的建议； positive thinking 积极的想法 2). sure, having no doubt 确实的，明确的 It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive. 这在我看来似乎是不可能的，但她却非常肯定。5.senior n. 较年长者 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior years. 学生在中学高年级结束之后离校。 * 6. former a. of an early period 在前的，以前的，旧时的，前任的 In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.以前在英国小偷被处以绞刑。n. (the ) the first of the two people or things just mentioned 前者/ the latter 后者 Of the two possibilities, the former is more likely. 在两者之中，前者可能性更大。 区别：previous adj. 指时间、顺序在前的 ，在先的，在前面的，在.之前。 7. unlike prep. not like; being different from 不像；和. .不同 Unlike the north part of China, it is not likely to snow in winter here. 与中国的北方不一样，这里冬天不太可能下雪。 区别：dislike vt. 厌恶，憎恶，讨厌38.intimidate vt. to frighten by making threats 恐吓，威胁 They intimidated him into doing what they wanted. 他们胁迫他干他们要他干的事。 Hatred is the cowards revenge for being intimidated.憎恶是懦夫对受胁迫的复仇。9.opportunity 强调适逢其会，正好便利行事。chance 带有偶然性。 n. a good moment or chance for doing sth. 机会，时机 He loved music, but because his family was poor, he had no opportunity to take lessons. 他喜爱音乐，但因家里太穷，他没有机会去学。 10.online a. 连线地, 联网地 an online course 在线（网络）课程 do some research online 在网上作研究 *11.communication / communicate vt. n. the action of sending and exchanging information 交流，交际；通信 Radio is an important means of communication. 收音机是重要的通讯工具。 *12.medium / mediums; media pl. n. a method for giving information 媒质，媒介物，传导体 TV can be a medium for giving information and opinions. 电视是传递消息和观点的媒体。 Light travels throughout the medium of air. 光通过空气传送。 a. of middle size, amount, quality 中等的，适中的 They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city. 他们在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。 13. phone n. 电话，电话机 modem n. 调制解调器 14.access / accessibility/ accessible n. 1). U means or right of using, reaching 接近，进入 The people in the school have access to that comput