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祈使句讲与练祈使句讲与练祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略,谓语动词用原形, 句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。1. 肯定的祈使句 (1)动词原形+其他Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 (2)Be + adj.Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心! (3)Lets + 动词原形Lets go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Dont + 动词原形Dont stand up. 别站起来。Dont be careless. 别粗心。Dont let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 (2)Lets ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形Lets not say anything about it. 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 三、表现形式 肯定结构: 1. Do 型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be 型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let 型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构: 1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 dont 构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我!Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let 型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用 no 开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止 钓鱼!“let“带头的祈使句 由“let“带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:1.表示“建议” 。 这个句型里的“let“后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如: (1) Let me try. (2) Lets do it. (3) Let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a 和(4)b: (4)a. Dont disturb him. b. Lets not disturb him. (a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。 2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望” 。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如: (5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir. 3.表示“警告” 、 “蔑视” 、 “威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如: (7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time. 用“let“的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点: 一、“let“ 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用“Dont let.“(见例(9)) ;如果宾语是 第一人称,则用“Let.not“ (见例(10)): (9) Dont let this type of things happen again. (10) Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 二、“Let“只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、“Let“后头除了是不带“to“的不定式动词 (The infinitive without“to“)之外,还可以是 某些适当的副词,如 out, in, down, alone 等: (13) Let the puppy out. (14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please. 四、用“Lets“时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用“Let us“时,并不包括对方,如: (17) Lets try it, shall we? (18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(17)里的“shall we“和(18)里的“will you“,不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。3.祈使句的反意疑问句 (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 wont you。Please open the door, will/ wont you? 请把门打开,好吗? (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。Dont be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行? (3) 以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we。Lets turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?只有以 lets 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用 shall we,而 let us 开 头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you.如:Let us stay here, will/ wont you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?语法练兵场 单项选择 1. The TV is too loud. Please_.A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it 2. _ late again, Bill!A. Dont to be B. Dont be C. Not be D. Be not 3. _ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont 4. Please help me carry it, _?A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we 5. Dont make so much noise, _?A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you 6. Do you know the girl _under the tree?A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood 7. Kate, _ your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing 8. _ me the truth, or Ill be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell 9. Ive kept the dog _Maomao for a long time.A. Name B. named C. naming D. to name 10. Dont you know that _ is good for our health?A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims 句型转换 11. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)_ _ again more slowly, please. 12. If you dont listen to me, Ill go. (改为同义句)_ _ me, or Ill go. 13. Lets watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)Lets watch the sports games, _ _? 14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句) _ _careless, please. 15. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句) _ _ next to Nancy. 16. Dont forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句) Dont forget to turn off the lights, _ _? 17. If you move, youll die. (改为同义句) _ _, or youll die. 18. Come to my house tomorrow. (改为反意疑问句) Come to my house tomorrow, _ _? 19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 (翻译句子) This is a _ _.20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 (翻译句子) Lets go and help the _ _, please. 参考答案 语法练兵场 1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB 11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Dont be 15. Dont sit 16. will you 17. Dont move 18. will / wont you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl
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