资源预览内容
第1页 / 共10页
第2页 / 共10页
第3页 / 共10页
第4页 / 共10页
第5页 / 共10页
第6页 / 共10页
第7页 / 共10页
第8页 / 共10页
第9页 / 共10页
第10页 / 共10页
亲,该文档总共10页全部预览完了,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
成人英语三级复习指导:高分语法定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对 TOEFL 应注意以下几点: (1) the 和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:the fern(蕨类), the wallflower (2) 序数词之前必须用 the,如:the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby (3) 形容词最高级之前必须用 the(有物主代词时除外) ,如:the largest city, the most advanced technology (4) of 连接的名词前多用 the, 如:the development of the watch, (5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加 the, 如:the globe(地球) ,the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun 在下列情况下,一般不用 the: (1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如: Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名) ,English(英语), February(二月), America(美 国) 但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上 the the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江) (2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:algebra( 代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学) (3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:Historians believe that, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from (4) 一些固定词组中,如:in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed 乘车的词组: by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车), by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)on foot (步行 ), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船) ,打球的词组: play tennis, play baseball, play basketball 注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the)chairman of the committee. 不可数名词的限定词和不可数名词原形连用, 下面这些限定词后面一定跟不可数名词:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用另外一些词(词组)如 such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of 等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。有些形容词本身就具有“比.年长”、“ 比.优越”等含义,因此也就没有比 较级 和最高级。有些形容词本身就具备“最、极” 的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如:absolute(绝对的 ), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的),right(对的), correct(正确的 ), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称 为绝对形容词对于 most 来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most 的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点:1 当 most 表示大多数时,之前不加 the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别 为:most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes;most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists 2. most 有时意思等同于 very, 此时 most 之前用不定冠词,如: a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 例题: (1) The most substances expand in volume when they are heated. ABCD 答案:A 应改为:Most 解释:most 只有在表示形容词最高级作定语时需加定冠词,此句表示“大多数”,没必要加 the. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals AB C oxygen and silicon are more still abundant. D 考点:程度副词 答案:D 应改为:still more 解释:程度副词 still 修饰比较级 more 时,应置于其前几点参考规则: 1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然,副词 enough 是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be 动词之后,如:He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. 、He is always here at 8clock. (be 动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 第四节 容易混淆的词 D 考点:程度副词 答案:D 应改为:still more 解释:程度副词 still 修饰比较级 more 时,应置于其前 几点参考规则:1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:She sings very well. I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now. I met just now your uncle (错) 2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:These two are only slightly different. right after this, very smoothly 当然,副词 enough 是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:I am not good enough to do this job. (对) I am not enough good to do this job. (错) 3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be 动词之后,如:He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis. He is always here at 8clock. (be 动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:only, even, still, perhaps, etc.第四节 容易混淆的词 hard (努力,副词) hardly (几乎不,副词) close (接近,形容词) closely(接近,副词) near (接近,形容词) nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的) most (大多数的,形容词) mostly (主要地,大部分 副词) late (迟、晚,形容词) lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的) high (高的,形容词) highly (adv. 非常,大大的 ) 另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的) ,尽管词尾有 ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见) To work hard should be your major concern. 注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语 it 所代替(详见第十七章) 例如上面第二句可以变为: It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如: It is very nice of you to help me不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相 搭配的介词(例如上面的 complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致 如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldnt utter a word. (独立主格) 对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致: Filling his mouth with water, he couldnt utter a word. 在 TOEFL 考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self 和-selves 经常故意写错 反身代词的用法 可以用来做宾语: He hurt himself when he fell. 可以用来做表语: He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服) 反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it. I do it myself. They made the research themselves. 牢记 make possible 的三种形式: 1. make+名词+possible; His financial aid makes this trip possible. 2. make+possible+名词(名词短语较长时) His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese students entering of the world famous university. 3. make it pos
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号