Lesson5 语法语法 ：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1） 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语 注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。 ） Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。 ） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。 ） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for. 练习: 用一般过去时或现在完成时填空： 1. _ you _ (have) lunch? Yes, I have. When _ you _ (have) it? I _ (have) it at 12:00. 2. _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week. 3. _ he _ (finish) his homework? Not yet. 4. _ they ever _ (be) abroad? Yes, just once. 5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 11. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 12. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 13. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 14. In the past，there _（be） no people in this place. 15. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 16. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice .17. _ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never. 18. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 19. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 20. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city. 21. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 22. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 23. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 24. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month. 25. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late. 26. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning. 27. There _ (be) no one here a moment ago. 28. I _ (call) Mike this morning. 29. I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 30. Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 31. Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 32. My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday. 33. She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night. 34. _ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year? 35. -What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday? 36. -We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 37. What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 38. Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 39. There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 40. There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be) 41. There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not) 42. There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there? 43. Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move) 44. When _ you _ (come) to china? Last year. 45. Did she _ (have) supper at home? 46. Jack _ (not clean) the room just now. 47. _ (be) it cold in your city yesterday? 48. How many people _ (be) there in your class last term? 49. It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside. 50. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it.