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美国统一州法委员会美国统一州法委员会统一侵权责任分担法统一侵权责任分担法 (中英文对照参考译本)(中英文对照参考译本)王竹王竹 中国人民大学法学院中国人民大学法学院 上传时间上传时间:2007-11-2浏览次数浏览次数:5063字体大小:字体大小:大大 中中 小小Uniform Apportionment of Tort Responsibility Act(Rule sectionLast Revised or Amended in 2003)美国统一州法委员会统一侵权责任分担法 (2003 年最后修订版)Copyright 2003 by NCCUSL(National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws)说明:本文件由中国人民大学法学院民商法学专业博士生王竹制作,仅供个人学习、研究参考之用,请勿外传,后果自负。相关译文具体细节请参见注释。第 1 条简称 本“法”被引用时应被称为统一侵权责任分担法SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.This act may be cited as the Uniform Apportionment of Tort Responsibility Act.第 2 条定义 在本“法”中:(1) “助成过错 1 1”包括助成过失、产品误用、不合理的未能避免或者减轻损害,以及自甘风险除非该风险已经在某一具有法律强制力的免除或者类似协议中被明示。(2) “人”是指一个自然人 2 2、法人、企业联合 3 3、遗产 4 4、信托、合伙、有限责任公司、协会、合资企业、公众公司、政府,或者政府部门、代理以及所属分支机构,或者其他任何法律或商业实体。(3) “被免责人”是指如果未因第 8 条(或第 9 条)被免除责任则要对请求权人 5 5关于人身损害或者财产损失的赔偿金负责的人(4) “责任” ,就关于人身损害或者财产损失的赔偿金而言,是指作为责任基础或者全部或部分抗辩的作为或者不作为的法律后果。立法指南:如果本法第 9 条被采纳作为本法的一部分,第 3 款对“被免责人”定义中的括号就应该被去掉。如果未被采纳作为本法的一部分,但作为工人 6 6赔偿法律的修正案,那么括号及其中的文字就应该被删除并替换为参见工人赔偿法律修正条文的参照条款。如果第 9 条完全未被采纳,括号及其中的文字应该被删除。SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS. In this act:(1) “Contributory fault” includes contributory negligence, misuse of a product, unreasonable failure to avoid or mitigate harm, and assumption of risk unless the risk is expressly assumed in a legally enforceable release or similar agreement.(2) “Person“ means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.(3) “Released person” means a person that would be liable for damages to a claimant for personal injury or harm to property if the person had not been discharged from liability under Section 8 or 9.(4) “Responsibility”, with respect to a claim for damages for personal injury or harm to property, means the legal consequences of an act or omission that is the basis for liability or a defense in whole or in part.Legislative Note: If Section 9 of this Act is adopted as part of this Act, the brackets in the definition of “released person” in paragraph (3) should be deleted. If it is not adopted as part of this Act but is adopted as an amendment to the workers compensation statutes, the brackets and words within should be deleted and replaced with a cross reference to the amended section of the workers compensation statute. If Section 9 is not adopted at all, both the brackets and words within should be deleted. 第 3 条助成过错的效力 (a)除本条(b)款规定的情形,在一场要求人身损害或者财产损失的赔偿金的诉讼中,如果基于的是过失或者其他请求权人可能面临 7 7基于助成过错的全部或者部分抗辩的请求,任何可归因于请求权人的助成过错按照基于第 4 条分配给他的责任百分比相应的减少请求权人本来可以被判决获得的恢复人身损害或者财产损失的损害赔偿金的数量。(b)如果请求权人的助成过错(等同于或者)超过其他各方和造成请求权人人身损害或者财产损失责任已被确定的被免责人的责任总和,该请求权人不能获得任何赔偿。(c)在陪审团审理中,法院应该指示陪审团注意其对质询书的回答将产生的法律效力,按照本法第 4 条,关涉请求权人基于本条(b)款获得损害赔偿的权利。立法指南:本条(b)款括号的重要性在本条评论中有说明。基本上,立法是给出一种选择。可能选择三种比较过错的方案中的一种。本条评论对每种选择如何施行进行了说明。(译者补充立法指南相关的评论部分:就修正的(比较过错)方案,有两种基本的界限种类。一种是当请求权人的过错比例与所有被告的过错比例相等时,请求权人便不得获得损害赔偿金;另一种是只有当请求权人的过错比例大于所有被告过错比例之和之时,请求权人才不能得获得损害赔偿金。 )SECTION 3. EFFECT OF CONTRIBUTORY FAULT.(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), in an action seeking damages for personal injury or harm to property based on negligence or on any other claim for which the claimant may be subject to a defense in whole or part based on contributory fault, any contributory fault chargeable to the claimant diminishes the amount that the claimant otherwise would be entitled to recover as compensatory damages for the injury or harm by the percentage of responsibility assigned to the claimant pursuant to Section 4.(b) If the claimants contributory fault is equal to or greater than the combined responsibility of all other parties and released persons whose responsibility is determined to have caused personal injury to or harm to property of the claimant, the claimant may not recover any damages.(c) In a jury trial, the court shall instruct the jury regarding the legal effect of its answers to interrogatories, made pursuant to Section 4, on a claimants right to recover damages under subsection (b). Legislative Note: The significance of the brackets in subsection (b) is explained in the comments. Basically, the legislature is given a choice. It may choose one of three types of comparative fault plans. The comments explain how each choice may be implemented. (Relative Comment:With regard to modified plans, there are two basic types of thresholds. One bars a claimant from recovering any damages if the claimants share of fault equals that of the defendant(s) ; the other bars a claimant only if the claimants share is greater than that of the defendant(s). )第 4 条确定赔偿金;归责(a)在一场要求人身损害或者财产损失的赔偿金的诉讼中,涉及了超过一方或一个被免责人的责任时,法院应该指示陪审团对质询书进行回答,或者如果并无陪审团,作出裁决:(1)述明如果不考虑任何助成过错时,请求权人可能被判决获得的赔偿金数目。(2)针对每一请求述明,归属于每一造成了损害或者伤害的请求权人、被告和被免责人的所有责任方和被免责人的总责任百分比 8 8。(3)考虑是否任何方或者被免责人的共同行为或者故意行为导致人身损害或者财产损失 9 9;并且(4)考虑其他有证据清楚证明的事实有必要基于第 5 条作出决定或者基于第 6 条进行判决登记 10 10。(b)在决定责任比例时,事实调查
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