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学校代码:10207 分 类 号:F81 学 号:4902000038 密 级:内部 硕 士 学 位 论 文 中国高速铁路公共定价的机制与方法研究中国高速铁路公共定价的机制与方法研究 Mechanism and Method Study on Public Pricing of Chinese High Speed Railway 学科专业:财政学学科专业:财政学 研究方向:公共财政理论研究方向:公共财政理论 姓姓 名:熊振兴名:熊振兴 指导教师:李延均指导教师:李延均 教授教授 学位类型:学历硕士学位类型:学历硕士 授予单位:吉林财经大学授予单位:吉林财经大学 二一二年三月 I 原原 创创 性性 声声 明明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得吉林财经大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。因本学位论文引起的法律结果完全由本人承担。 本学位论文成果归吉林财经大学所有。 指 导 教 师 签 名: 日期: 学位论文作者签名 : 日期: 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解吉林财经大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权吉林财经大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书,本论文:不保密,保密期限至 年 月止) 。 指 导 教 师 签 名: 日期: 学位论文作者签名 : 日期: I 内 容 摘 要 近年来,中国高速铁路迅猛发展,这种技术变革极大地影响着我国居民出行方式的选择。然而,目前高速动车组票价是传统铁路客运票价的三倍左右,这一跳跃使得占我国人口绝大多数的中低收入群体极不适应,只能被迫接受高铁的“快速”和昂贵。铁路行业具有自然垄断属性,在我国是唯一政企不分的部门,特殊体制使得高铁建运合一垄断经营,缺乏市场竞争和有效的成本约束机制。面对高额负债,铁道部门试图通过制定高价和裁减普通列车转移客流提高上座率的方式获得盈利, 高铁定价并没有按照价格法进行听证,采用的是政府定价机制和传统的成本加成方法。然而,高铁客运具有很强的公共性,过高的票价势必侵害广大消费者的公共利益,与建设高铁促进经济社会发展的初衷相违背,因此,如何设计科学合理的定价机制和方法就成为中国高速铁路健康发展的关键问题。 本文基于高铁产品属性和公共定价的基本原理, 在分析中国铁路运营和高速铁路发展现状与存在问题的基础上,借鉴其他国家和地区高速铁路运营和定价机制与方法,对我国高速铁路的公共定价机制和方法进行了较为系统地研究。 在构建公共定价机制方面,本文认为,首要的前提条件是创新政府治理,转变铁路的经营模式, 通过建运分离和网运分离形成竞争机制以约束成本, 提高生产和经营效率。在此基础上,运营商与政府和消费者分别建立行政契约和民事契约,价格由三方通过听证的形式协商确定。在定价方法方面,本文认为,成本定价方法并不是实现成本补偿的充要条件,只有稳定的客流才能带来可持续的现金流,在边际成本很低的条件下最大限度的争取客流才是关键。应借鉴国外和其他地区高铁定价的机制和方法,根据需求的变化设计灵活多样的票价体系, 通过准确的市场定位和主动的营销战略与同业竞争者争夺客源,提高资源利用效率和客运总量。定价方法的设计则考虑市场供求变化和竞争,以供求平衡为目标,其中消费者收入水平是必须考虑的因素,同业价格标准也是重要的参考, 综合上述变量, 本文提出了均衡定价和定价的双层规划模型, 以及定价的基本策略。 关键词关键词:定价机制 定价方法 均衡定价 双层规划模型 II Abstarct With rapid development of the Chinese high-speed railway in recent years, the residents way to travel has greatly affected by this technological transform. However, fare of high-speed EMU is about three times of the traditional railway passenger fares, this jump does not fit in most of the low-income population groups in China, who will be forced to accept the “fast“ and expensive of high-speed railway. Properties of natural monopoly in railway industry, In China is a unique integration of government administration with enterprise sector, The special system makes high-speed railway build carry syncretic and monopolized transport, lack of competition in the market and effective cost constraints mechanisms. Facing high debt, MOR attempts to establish high price and transfer passenger flow to improve attendance by reduction of the general train gain profit, pricing is not in accordance with the Price Law to be heard, used of is government pricing mechanism and traditional cost-plus method. however, high-speed rail passenger transport has a strong public properties, exorbitant fares is bound to against the public interests of the vast number of consumers, and contrary to the original intention to promote economic and social development to build high-speed rail, so, how to design a scientific and reasonable pricing mechanism and method becomes the key issues to the healthy development of Chinese high speed railway. Article based on high-speed product attributes and common basic principles of pricing, On the basis of analysis railway operations and high-speed rail development situation and problems, reference to other countries and regions in the high speed railway operation and pricing mechanism and methods, on Chinas high-speed rail public pricing of mechanism and method for a more systematic study. In constructing the public pricing mechanism, this paper considers that, the primary prerequisite is the innovation of governance, change the management mode of railway, through the construction and transport separation from the railway infrastructures form a competition mechanism to curb costs, improve the efficiency of production and operation. On this basis, Operators to establish administrative contracts and civil contracts with governments and consumers, price adopted by the tripartite negotiated in the form of hearing. In terms of pricing methods, this paper believe that cost pricing method is not the necessary and sufficient conditions for cost compensation, only stable passenger can bring a sustainable cash flow, under the conditions of marginal cost is very low maximum for the passenger flow is the key. Should draw lessons from abroad and other areas of high-speed railway pricing mechanisms and methods, design of flexible fare system as needs change, compete for customers through accurate market positioning and proactive marketing strategies with competitors, improving the efficiency of resource use and total passenger transport. Pricing methods designed to consider market changes in supply and demand and competition, with the goal of balanc
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