改良型 UCT 与生物膜耦合工艺 除磷性能研究 重庆大学硕士学位论文 （学术学位） 学生姓名：刘亚琴 指导教师：张 智 教授 专 业：市政工程 学科门类：工 学 重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院 二 O 一四年五月 Study on Characteristics of Phosphorus Removal By A Coupling Process of Modified UCT and Biofilm A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Masters Degree of Engineering By Liu Yaqin Supervised by Prof. Zhang Zhi Specialty: Municipal Engineering College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China May, 2014 中文摘要 I 摘 要 目前，城市污水处理厂除磷普遍存在碳源竞争、泥龄矛盾、硝酸盐对厌氧释磷的影响等问题而导致除磷效果不理想，一般需要添加化学除磷剂才能达到出水水质标准。在这种情况下，将分段进水和好氧生物膜结合开发为改良型 UCT 与生物膜耦合工艺是十分必要的。 通过 2 个月活性污泥的驯化和生物填料挂膜实现了耦合工艺的启动。启动后系统的反硝化聚磷菌含量不断上升，最后稳定至较高浓度。同时，系统对 COD、NH4+N、TN、TP 的去除效果都比较好。 工艺稳定期分析了各污染物沿程去除效果。由于工艺采用厌氧区或缺氧区分段进水方式，使得进水碳源在反应器中均匀分布。COD 优先被聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌利用，从而减少了好氧区中异养菌的数量，减少曝气量，节约能耗，更能充分发挥微生物的降解能力。系统中氮的排放途径有系统出水、剩余污泥、反硝化和同步硝化反硝化以及微生物细胞同化。氮主要在各级缺氧区和好氧区被去除，而且经分析该系统的脱氮效率高于传统的脱氮除磷工艺。系统对磷的去除主要通过剩余污泥排出。该工艺第一级缺氧反硝化除磷和后续好氧除磷过程使得出水 TP的浓度达到排放要求，说明反硝化除磷对系统除磷所做的贡献不容小视。 通过污泥回流比 R 和内回流比 r 强化反硝化除磷。系统研究耦合工艺的特点和优势，优先合适的参数取值范围。选择 R=50% 5%，R=100% 5%，R=150% 5%三种污泥回流比和 r=50% 5%，r=75% 5%，r=100% 5%三种内回流比进行研究，选择出反硝化除磷效果最佳的 R 和 r。 改良型 UCT 与生物膜耦合工艺是一种节能、高效和稳定的污水处理工艺。通过调节各运行参数以实现最佳工况，提高出水水质，为新建、改扩的城市污水处理厂提供技术支持。 关键字关键字：改良型 UCT，耦合工艺，分段进水，反硝化除磷 重庆大学硕士学位论文 II 英文摘要 III ABSTRACT At present, the effect of phosphorus removal was not ideal in urban wastewater treatment plant owing to carbon competition, sludge age contradiction and the influence of nitrate to phosphorus release and so on. Generally chemicals are added to meet water quality standards. In this case, it was necessary to develop a coupling process of modified UCT and biofilm, and the step-feed technology and aerobic biofilm technology were used in this process. The coupling process was started by acclimation of activated sludge and formation biofilm for a period of two months. After then the concentrations of denitrifying phosphorus bacteria in the system had been continuously rising, and stable at a higher concentations at last. At the same time, the removal effect of COD, NH4+N, TNand TP were fine in the system. The effect of different pollutants removal along the reactor had been analysed during the process stability. Since the step-feed from ananerobic and anoxic zone had been used in this process, the influent carbon had been uniformly distributed in the reactor. COD was preferentially used by phosphorous bacteria and denitrifying phosphorous bacteria, so that the number of heterophic bacteria in the aerobic zone was reduced, the aeration rate was reduced and the energy was saved, and the microbial degradation was given better play. The nitrogen emission pathways in the system were as followed: effluent, excess activated sludge, denitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, and microbial assimilation. Nitrogen was removed primarily in the anoxic and aerobic zone in different levels, and the nitrogen removal efficiency of this system had been higher than the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes by analysis. The phosphorus emission pathway in the system was primary excess activated sludge. The reactions of denitrification phosphorus removal in the first anoxic zone and aerobic phosphorus removal in different aerobic zones had maken TP effluent concentration meet emission requirements, illustrating that the effect of denitrification phosphorus removal can not be overlooked. The effect of denitrification phosphorus removal had been strengthened by return sludge ratio R and reflux ratio r. Features and benefits in the coupling process were studied, and appropriate parameter ranges were chosen.Three kinds return sludge ratio R(R=50% 5% ， R=100% 5% ， R=150% 5%) and Three kinds reflux ratio 重庆大学硕士学位论文 IV r(r=50% 5%，r=75% 5%，r=100% 5%) were chosen to study, aiming to slect the best R and r in the system for better denitrification phosphorus removal. The coupling process of modified UCT and biofilm has been an energy-saving, high efficient and stable wastewater treatment process. The best work condition and the better water quality were achieved by adjusting the operation parameters, which can provide technical support for new wastewater treatment plants and renovation and expansion wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: modified UCT, coupling process, step-feed, denitrification phosphorus removal. 目 录 V 目 录 中文中文摘要摘要 . I 英文摘要英文摘要 . III 1 绪绪 论论 . 1 1.1 我国水资源现状我国水资源现状 . 1 1.2 污水生物除磷理论及工艺研究