Unit 8 Key to exercises: Vocabulary exercises: I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. except, apart from 2. essentially, basically 3. whenever it is possible 4. over a long period 5. different, replacementII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1. focus 2. much the same 3. consciousness 4. threat 5. deserved 6. decomposed 7. revealed 8. frequentIII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 1.perusal 2.intensified 3.excessive 4.speculative 5.abundance 6.inclusive 7.emits 8.locallyIV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning. 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. AV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly 2.Antonym: unfortunately, unluckily 3.Antonym: exclude 4.Synonym:part, division 5.Antonym: decrease, lowering 6.Antonym: unavailable 7.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe 8. Antonym: irresponsibleVI. Write in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word. 1. centigrade centimeter 2. kilogram kilometer 3. synopsis synthetic 4. supervise superior 5. submarine submerge 6. astronaut astronomy 7. microbiology microwave 8. overwork overload Grammar exercises: I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms. 1. began; have had 2. Have; talked; have talked; talked 3. has invented 4. have telephoned; went 5. have been 6. has got / has gotten 7. has been 8. have forgotten 9. has gone; did he go 10. was; has disappearedII. Make sentences using the time adverbials given. The answers are openIII. Compare the following pairs of sentences and explain the difference. 1. a. The verb here is in simple present form. “Has got” signals stative possession. “Got” is often omitted in written style. b.“Has gotten” means “has obtained” and conveys the sense of an accomplishment. 2. For some speakers of American English, these two sentences are synonymous. However, other speakers feel there is the following difference: a.It reflects the speakers point of view. The speaker just heard the news and wants to know if the listener just heard it too. b.This sentence is spoken more likely with the listeners perspective in mind. (i.e. the listener looks surprised or shocked, so the speaker tries to show empathy and asks if the listener has just heard the news). 3. a. It is a definite query about a past event. b.It is a question about an indefinite past event. 4. a. It conveys the sense that he is still suffering from the pain. b.It refers to a past event that has no present relevance. 5. a. Jim is in Italy now or he is on his way there. b.Jim has now left Italy. 6. a. It is in the morning that the speaker asks the question/ b.It is in the afternoon or evening that the speaker asks the question. 7. a. The present perfect tense suggests that “today” is not finished at the time of speaking. Perhaps the speaker will drink more before today is finished. b.The past tense here is used to present a fact that happened today. 8. a. It implies that he has passed away. b.He is still living in the village.IV.Correct the errors, where found, in the following sentences. 1. have had have 2. have been be 3. laying lying 4. bore bear 5. Rang Rung 6. rised risen 7. cleaned clean; created create 8. the voting age had been lowered the voting age has been loweredV. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of. 1. As / Since 2. because / as 3. As / Since / Seeing that 4. because 5. because of 6. As / Since 7. for 8. as / because 9. because of 10. forVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below, keeping the parts in italics in your sentences. 1.e.g. Ive no complaint. As far as Im concerned, everything was perfect.I dont enjoy traveling, Im afraid. As far as I am concerned, it would just be a waste of money. 2. e.g. According to the continental theory, the surface of the Earth is like the cracked shell of a soft-boiled egg.According to the recent polls, sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy.Translation exercises: I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 到因特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经和麦 当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。 2. 如果我们不限制温室气体的排放，低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷，全 世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发生变化，飓风可能会更加频繁，厄尔尼诺现象 也可能更为严重。 3. 我们还主张实施有关政策，与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争，如驾驶使用替 代燃料的清洁汽车、采用有利于环境保护的可再生能源技术，以及阻止滥伐宝 贵的森林。 4. 这个问题需要所有的人包括各国政府、工业界、社团，以及个人的协 同合作，才会有真正的改观。II.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets. 1.After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our