虚拟语气 前言：英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟 语气。 1 陈述语气 表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的， 也就是说把动作或状态作事实表达出来。 e.g. The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind. 2 祈使语气 表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。 e.g. Let me help you. 3.虚拟语气 第一节 概 述 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话是某种愿望、假设、怀疑 、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹空想，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。所以 虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起。虚拟语气的条 件句与真实条件从句的最大差别在于时态不同，真实条件句 的条件（从句或结论主句）均采用陈述语气。虚拟（条件 ）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类 ：条件从句结果主句 与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he ,she it ,they,) + 动词过去式（be 的过去式为 were），I (we,you,she,It,they) +would do 与过去事实相反 If I (we, you,he,she,it,they) had + 过去分词，I (we,you,he, she,it, they, )+would have +P.P 与将来事实相反 A：一般过去式 B：were to do sth. C: should +动词原形，主语would +do sth.条件从句结果主句与现在 事实相 反If I (we, you, he ,she it ,they,) + 动词过去式（be 的过去式为were）I (we,you,she, It,they) +would do 与过去 事实相 反If I (we, you,he,she, it,they) had + 过去分词 I (we,you,he, she,it, they, )+would have +P.P 与将来 事实相 反A：一般过去式 B：were to do sth. C: should +动词原形主语would +do sth. E.g. If I were you, I would accept the money offered by her. If he had been here yesterday, he would have helped us. If it snowed tomorrow, If it were to snow tomorrow, I wouldnt go to 2.上面几种假设类型中，主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后 呼应；如果 主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词形式应做适 当调整。 1.If I had worked harder at school, I _ in a comfortable office now. A. would have sat B. had sat C. would be sitting D. would sit 2If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.party with you.If it should snow tomorrowD If I had a bike (now),I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。（主句与过去事实 相反，从句 与现在事实相反。） Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he_our chairman now. A)must have been B)would have been C)were D)would be 正确答案是D） 3.条件从句中，谓语动词“be ”的过去时一般用“were ”，例 ：If I were you,I wouldntt have bought that car. 如果我是你，我就不会把那部汽车买下。 4.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一 个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ” 及“but that ”和“supposing ”特表示让步假设： But for your help,I would fail.（若没你的帮助，我就会 失败。） Without the money,I would not be alive.（要是没有那笔 钱，我 现在不会活在人世。） 6.有的条件从句可以不用连词if，而是把were,had,或 should 移动 到主语前，即从句用Were/Had/Should +主语 如：Had I arrived earlier, I would have met him.(= If I had arrived earlier, I would have met him.) Were I you =_? Should it snow tomorrow= If it should snow tomorrow Were it to snow tomorrow= If it were to snow tomorrow. 7.在以wish 所引导的宾语从句中，其谓语动词多用虚 拟语气。 与现在事实相反，用were 或动词的一般过去式。E.g. I wish she were here. 与过去事实相反，用had +p.p. 或 would/could +have +p.p. e.g. I wish she had taken my advice. 将来没有把握或不大可能实现的愿望，用would/should (could, might) +动词原形。E.g. I wish you would go with us tomorrow. Exercises 1.A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish I _ mistakes every day. A. dont make B. havent made C. wouldnt have made D. didnt make 2.A: What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?D B: Its hard to say, but I wish I _. A: has not studied computer B. did study computer C. had studied computer D. studied computer 8.一些表示提议、主张、要求、命令、紧要等概念的词语， 由于它们本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应 该怎样。这些词语后面的“that ”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以 “should ”表示这种语气，但事实上“should ”常被省略，故此 从句中谓语动词用原形。 这些词可分为下列几类： 1)下列动词后“that ”引导的宾语从句： suggest（建议），propose（提议），recommend（建议)， advise（建议），insist（坚持），urge（极力主张、敦 促），ask，require，request（要求），demand，desire， order，command，（命令）decide，intend（打算）， prefer（宁愿）。D E.g. They insisted that we go there at once.（他们坚持马 上走。） /She urged that we take action on this matter immediately.（她敦促 我们 立即对这件事采取行动。）/When I suggested that he try shaving cream,he said,“The razor and water do the job.”(当我建 议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。） Exercises 1. The smile on her face suggests that she_ happy. A. be B. should be C. was D. is 2. He insisted that Tom _ the money. A. steal B. should steal C. stealing D. had stolen DD 9. would rather+do sth. than do sth.Sb+动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反had+过去分词(与过去事实相反)He would rather visit us that stay at home.I would ratherhe visited us today. he visited us tomorrow. he had visited us yesterday.