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概述动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化,它仍有动词的特点,可以有 自己的宾语或状语,一起构成不定式短语。不 定式除具有动词的许多特点外,还具有名词等 特点,在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、宾补 、 定语和状语,即除谓语外都能作。用法:1 作主语: 谓语动词用单数To learn a foreign language is difficult.* 往往放在后面, 用it 作形式主语,不定式做真正的主语。It is difficult to learn a foreign language 2.作宾语:We agreed to meet here , but so far she hasnt turned up yet.* 有时用it作形式宾语,不定式做真正的宾语。I finds it interesting to study English.I feel it my duty to help others.作表语:放在系动词be seem appear remain etc. 后面Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.seem/appear to do / to be doing / to have done Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it. What I want to do is (to) break the world record. (如果主语部分含有实义动词do或do的某种形 式 ,表语不定式的 to 通常省略。)作宾语补足语:He asked me to do the work with him.接不定式作宾补的动词有ask allow permit order tell advise expect wish force beg invite encourage persuade etc.* 在 feel hear, listen to have let make have see, watch , look at, notice, observe等词后面的宾语补足 语如果是不定式,要省略 to, 被动语态时必须加上 toI often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.作定语:(1)通常放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。 当被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语,且不定式 的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表达被 动意义。若不定式为vi.,其后应加上一个适当的介词。Ive got a letter to write.He needs a room to live in. (2)序数词后作定语She likes to listen to Mr. Lis lessons , so she isalways the first to come and the last to leave. (3)the only 后作定语(4) 最高级后作定语but + 不定式 1 but 为介词,“除了” , = except ,后跟不定式时 一般带to The bear had no choice but to lie down and sleep. The little girl said nothing but to cry. 2 but前如有实义动词do或do的某种形式,后面不定 式符号to要省略。 The little girl did nothing but cry. I have nothing to do but wait. 3 常用结构 cant help doing cant help but do have no choice but to do do nothing but do动词不定式的时态和语态一般式: 动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生。He seems to know this. 同时I hope to meet you again. 之后进行式:动词不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示 的动作同时发生,并强调动作正在进行。He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.完成式:不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动 作之前发生。I seem to have met you somewhere before.完成进行式:不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动作发生,并可能延续 下去。She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours. 不定式逻辑主语(1)一般是句子的主语。He seemed to be reading something.(2)当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时,用for/ of 引出,逻辑主语用宾格形式,for/of本身无实际意义。Its necessary for us to help each other.有形容词作表语时:当这些作表语的形容词能表达不定式的逻辑主语的品 行、性格、性质时,要用ofbrave careful careless kind nice good honest clever wise unwise stupid foolish rude cruel silly thoughtful impolite polite etc. It be + a . of sb. to do sth =sb/sth be + a. to do sth .It is very kind of you to say so. = You are very kind to say so.当这些表语形容词不能说明不定式的逻辑主语,只能 说明不定式行为的是与非,重不重要等时: It be +a. for sb. / sth. to do. sb. / sth be + a . to doeasy important difficult hard possible impossible necessary It is difficult for beginners to read the book. Beginners are difficult to read the book.不定式省略问题有时为了避免重复,省去不定式后面的内容,保留到 不定式符号to;如果是to be , 保留到be;如果是to have done , 保留到to have。A Would you like to go to his party ? Yes,Id like to.B Would you like to be a scientist ? Yes,Id like to be.C Would you like to have finished your composition? Yes,Id like to have.
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