语语法专题专题 复习习 虚拟语拟语 气一、虚拟语拟语 气用于条件句虚拟语拟语 气应应用于条件状语语从句中，虚拟拟条件句以及主句谓语动词谓语动词 的构成形式如下表：说说明从句主句 与现现在 事实实相 反If主语语动词动词 的过过去 式(be动词过动词过 去式通常 用were)主语语would或 should/could/might 动词动词 原形与过过去 事实实相 反If主语语动词动词 的过过去 完成式主语语would或 should/could/might have过过去分词词与将来 事实实相 反If主语语动词动词 的过过 去式(be动词过动词过 去式通 常用were) If主语语should 动词动词 原形 If主语were to 动词原形主语语would或 should/could/might 动词动词 原形主句中的should常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时时也可以根据意思用情态动词态动词 could，might，从句中的be动词动词 在第一、三人称后有时时也有用was的。1与现现在事实实相反If I were you，I wouldnt do it.如果我是你，我就不去做这这件事。If you hurried，you would catch the bus.你要是赶快，你是会搭上车车的。(可你是这样这样 慢吞吞的。)If he were here，everything would be all right.要是他在这这儿，一切都没问题问题 了。这样这样 考过过(天津)This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.Awould BshouldCcould Dmight解析：句意：这这台打印机质质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们们保修。虚拟语拟语 气中表示将来时间时间 的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为应为 ：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。答案：B2与过过去事实实相反If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train.如果你早点儿起来，你就会赶上火车车了。If I had been there，I would have helped her.如果我那时时在那儿，我就帮助她了。If I hadnt taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake.我要不是听了你的劝劝告，就会犯大错误错误 。这样这样 考过过(福建质检质检 )I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain.What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I _ it.Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt missCdidnt miss Dhadnt missed解析：由句中what a pity！(真遗遗憾)知本句考查查与过过去事实实相反的虚拟语拟语 气。其构成为为：if条件句(过过去完成时时)，主句(情态动词态动词 现现在完成时时)。综综上，选选A。答案：A(厦门质检门质检 )Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings?I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I _.Adid Bwould Cwill Dhad解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的话话，他就会给给我的。由句中的I didnt want one知与过过去事实实相反。从句用过过去完成时时，主句用would have done形式。答案：D3与将来事实实相反If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们们就待在家里。(最近天气好，下雨的可能性不大。)If he should come，I could have a talk with him.如果他来，我就能跟他谈谈谈谈 。If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这这件事，我会用另一种方法。这样这样 考过过(湖南长长郡中学)If your study plans succeeded，you _ your marks in the following exam.Awill increase Bhave been increasingChave increased Dwould be increasing答案：D4省略if的虚拟拟条件从句如果条件状语语从句的谓语动词谓语动词 有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟拟条件。例如：Were I you，I would do the same.如果我是你，我也会这样这样 做。(If I were you)Had you come yesterday，you would have met him.如果你昨天来，你就见见到他了。(If you had come yesterday)Should there be a flood，what should we do？万一发发生洪水，我们们怎么办办？(If there should be a flood)Were he to come，I might go with him.他若是来，我就可能跟他去。(If he were to come)这样这样 考过过(2008安徽皖南八校联联考)_ it _ to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.AShould; / BIf; shouldCWere; / DIf; was going解析：这这是与将来事实实相反的虚拟语拟语 气，当省略if时时，句子要倒装，恢复为为正常语语序是：If it were to rain tomorrow，.答案：C(2006湖北)_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMight you be解析：根据句意，条件分句是对对将来情况的一种不真实实的假设设，应应用：使用半倒装语语序但if省去。即should/were/had主语语部分谓语谓语 句式。综综上所述，故B为为正确的选项选项 。句意：如果你被解雇的话话，你的医保和其他津贴贴将不会马马上被终终止。答案：B (2008重庆庆一中)_ I had time，I would have checked my answers again.AIf BUnlessCHad DWhen解析：本题题考查查虚拟语拟语 气条件状语语从句省略if时时的倒装现现象。答案：C(2008江苏兴苏兴 化)What would have happened，_，as far as the river bank?ABob had walked fartherBif Bob should walked fartherChad Bob walked fartherDif Bob walked farther解析：在虚拟语拟语 气中，有时时如果把条件状语语从句中的if省略，可以把助动词动词 had，were或者是should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒装形式。根据前面的谓语谓语 形式可知，此题题表达的是与过过去相反的虚拟语拟语 气，在条件句中要用had done形式，或者是if省略，把had放在句子的前面，所以只能选择选择 C项项。答案：C5错综时间错综时间 条件句当条件从句表示的动动作和主句表示的动动作发发生的时时间间不一致的时时候(如一个发发生在过过去，一个发发生在现现在)，动词动词 的形式要根据它所表示的时间时间 来调调整。例如：If he had listened to me，he would not be in trouble now.如果他当时时听了我的话话，现现在就不会遇到麻烦烦了。If the weather had been more favorable，the crops would be growing still better.如果过过去天气好一些，现现在庄稼还还会长长得更好。If he had told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.假如他昨天告诉诉我了，我现现在就会知道该该怎么办办了。这样这样 考过过(2007江西九所)If it_too much trouble，Id love a cup of tea and some cookies.Awasnt Bhasnt Cisnt Dwerent解析：此处处if引导导的是一个真实实条件句。答案：C(南昌调调研)If you _ that film late last night，you wouldnt be so sleepy.Adidnt see Bhavent seenCwouldnt have seen Dhadnt seen解析：语语境为为：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看电电影，那么(现现在)你就不会感到瞌睡了。题题干中的时间时间 状语语last night暗示从句陈陈述的是与过过去事实实相反的情况，因此从句应应用过过去完成时时。答案：D(长长沙调调研)It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he_first aid when the accident happened.Ahadnt been given Bwasnt be givenCshouldnt be given Dwouldnt be given解析：由句意“如果事故发发生时时他没有予以急救”可知这这里是对过对过 去发发生的事作相反的假设设，故应应用过过去完成式表示，即选选A为为正确答案。答案：A6含蓄条件句英语语中有些介词词短语语如without.(没有)，but for.(要不是)，in that case 等，可以表示虚拟拟条件，连词连词 but(但是)，副词词otherwise(否则则)，并列连词连词 or(否则则)也可以表示虚拟拟条件；表示现现在或将来的情况，谓语动谓语动词词用“would(或其他情态动词态动词 )动词动词 原形”；表示过过去的情况，谓语动词谓语动词 用“would(或其他情况动词动词 )have过过去分词词”。例如：But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier.要不是下暴雨，我们们早到了。Without my teachers help，I would have failed.没有我老