东亚秩序重构研究 摘要东亚地区历史上经历了三个秩序，分别是华夷秩序，殖民秩序和两极对抗秩序。在以中原王朝为中心的华夷朝贡秩序下，古代中国在东亚国际体系中居于主导地位，周边国家向中原王朝朝贡，中原王朝对其进行册封并提供安全保障，形成长时期的藩属关系。其间，除个别国家挑战外，基本上保持了中原封建皇权辐射下和平的国际秩序。鸦片战争后，东亚进入资本主义列强主导下的殖民秩序时代，域内国家完全处于不平等条约的束缚之中。除了后来依靠军事冒险走上资本主义道路的日本，东亚国家皆沦为殖民地或半殖民地。二战结束后，世界呈现出美苏对抗的两极秩序，东亚地区成为美苏两国全球争霸的重要战场。冷战结束之后，随着社会主义中国的逐步崛起，东南亚国家联盟经济地位的大幅跃升，东盟+中日韩经济架构的确立，东亚力量对比关系出现了明显的变化，美国的东亚影响力开始下降。东亚秩序的重构已成为本地区的重大课题，引起国际社会的高度关注。在东亚地区秩序调整过程中，一些重要因素发挥着至关重要的作用。首先，东亚经济一体化将东亚国家通过经济紧紧联系在一起，伴随而生的溢出效应使各国在政治外交中不可避免地要加以考量。其次，中国的全面崛起与日本的“正常国家化”齐头并进，也引起相互间的猜忌。作为两个最大的东亚国家，还存在着诸如历史认识和领土争端以及国家政体差异等难以解决的结构性矛盾。这是影响东亚秩序建构的最大因素。此外，域外大国对东亚事务的插手、东亚传统文化的发展变化也为秩序重构带来许多变量。借鉴欧洲一体化与欧盟的运转经验，建构共同体秩序，推进一体化，是东亚发展的现实选择。在建构路径上，首先最好充分利用东亚国家经济合作成就的巨大优势，继续从机制建设、金融能源合作、基础设施建设等方面加强交流，强化经济依存，推进政治互信。其次，打出传统文化之牌，在传统东亚意识与集体记忆基础上建立与时俱进的东亚共同体意识，通过政府牵引、非政府组织主导，构建东亚文化交流机制，尤其要注重青少年文化与学术交流。最后，要巩固好已有的东盟“10+3”合作机制，尝试在此机制基础上建立松散的安全机制，由非传统安全合作向传统安全的敏感问题过渡，建立起具有一定约束力的常设机构，推进各国间的政治融合。在秩序构建进程中，务必遵守谨慎包容、稳扎稳打的原则，切不可急功近利。特别是中国，要塑造好大国形象，探求和扩大与域内国家间的共同利益，稳步推进务实性合作。关键词：东亚秩序；重构；经济一体化；中国崛起The Study on East Asians reconstruction of orderAbstractEast Asia experiences three orders in the history. Under the Hua Yi Tributary system at the Centre of the Chinese dynasty, ancient China plays a dominant part in the international system of East Asia. Its neighboring countries pay tribute to it and is conferred and provide security, which formation a vassal relationship for a long period. The peaceful international order with the radiation of feudal imperil power is basically kept in addition to the challenges of individual countries. Under the colonial order which dominated by capitalist powers, East Asia is completely fettered by the unequal treaties. Except Japan, which walk up capitalism way afterwards, all of the East Asian counties become colonial or semi-colonial, which is in extremely inferior international position under the Western-dominated Versailles-Washington System. In the Bipolar order East Asia become an important battleground for global hegemony of the U.S. and the USSR. However, since the end of the Cold War, socialist China rises gradually, Japan has become the second largest economic power in the capitalist world. Southeast Asian countries continue to expand their own influence by forming the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. East Asia make a huge economic development, while power relations appearing important adjustments. United States still attempts to have the East Asia situation in hand through military alliances and other forms, though its influence have begun to shrink in East Asia, The major issues of the East Asian is the reconstruction of the system, it can be said that a slight move in one part may affect the situation as a whole. Some important factors plays a vital role in the process of East Asian regional order adjustment. First, the East Asian economy integration binds east counties together through the economy, what produce some spillover effects, which prompts counties to have economy consideration in the political diplomacy. As the two largest counties in East Asia, the overall rise in China go hand in hand with the “normal nationalization” of Japan, which also caused mutual suspicion between the two countries. And the difficult solved structural contradictions remains, which is the largest influencing factor in the East Asia order. In addition, the intervention of the outside powers in the East Asian affairs and the traditional culture also take many variables for the East Asia order reconstruction. The realistic choice of the East Asia is to learn the experience of European integration and operating experience of the European Union, building the Community order to promote the integration of East Asian.In the construction path, first of all, it is to take full advantage of the achievements of the economic cooperation of East Asian countries, to continue to strengthen the communications from the mechanism construction, financial and energy cooperation and infrastructure construction, intensify economic dependence, promote political mutual trust. Secondly, make use of the traditional culture, establish the East Asian community consciousness based on traditional East Asian sense and collective memory,.On the way, it is necessary to build the East Asian cultural exchange mechanism by NGO-led governments traction, focusing on youth culture and academic exchanges. In the end,East Asian countries need to strengthen existed ASEAN “10 +3“ cooperation mechanism, and begin to use loose safety-mechanism on the basis of this mechanism, in which the we can see the transition from non-traditional to traditional security cooperation .The establishment of a permanent setup of a binding ,promote political integration,and in the building process, the countries need to observe the principle:cautious,lenient andslowly, never too impatient. Especially, China must try to shape the image of a responsible big country, and explore common interests and push forward pragmatic cooperation ste