LLLL ShuxiangShuxiangShuxiangShuxiang & & & &ProfProfProfProf. . . . Michael A. K. HallidayMichael A. K. HallidayMichael A. K. HallidayMichael A. K. Halliday 吕叔湘 1904.12.241998.9.4linguistlexicographer educatorOverviewHe is the grand master in China on the field of lingustics, who devoted himself to the study of language, the reform of Chinese written system, lexicography and so on for nearly 70 years. As followings He studied Foreign Languages and Literature in the National Central University and graduated in 1926. In 1936, he went to England for postgraduate studies in the Anthropology Department of Oxford University and then in the Library Science Department of the University of London. Starting from 1952, he worked in the Institute of Languages in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a committee member and vice director of the important China Language Reform Commission. From 1980 to 1985, he was the president of the Association of Chinese Linguistics.Main works 中国文法要略 文言虚字 中国人学英文 语法修辞讲话 汉语语法论文集 汉语语法分析问题 现代汉语八百词 近代汉语指代词 吕叔湘语文论集 语文常谈This book was decided to be compiled in 1955 at the seminar discussing the standardization of modern chinese, and was finally compiled in 1958. After two years working, it was printed as a trail edition to be modified. Lv Shuxiang was exactly the former editor-in-chief of the authoritative Dictionary of Modern Chinese.And one of his well-known and of huge social influence work is Dictionary of Modern Chinese (namely 现代汉语词典) .Translations Are We Civilized? - Human Culture in Perspective 文明与野蛮 Ethan Frome 伊坦弗洛美 An Introduction to Lingustics 语言学概论Prof. Michael A. K. Halliday 1925-linguist In 1942 the national services foreign language training course，study Chinese during college major in Modern Chinese Language and Literature ,University of London. 1947-1950 study under Luo Changpei at Peking University and under Wang Li at Lingnan University Later take a PhD in Chinese Linguistics at Cambridge under the supervision of Gustav Hallam and then J. R. Firth. 197374 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioural Sciences, at Stanford In 1976 the University of Sydney, retired in1978Grammatical theory and descriptionsLexicogrammar: more general theory of language as a social semiotic resource, or a “meaning potential “.Hjelmslev & Firth (distinguishing theoretical from descriptive categories in linguistics)Rejects: explicitly the claims about language associated with the generative tradition the use of formal logic in linguistic theories as “irrelevant to the understanding of language“ the use of such approaches as “disastrous for linguistics”Studies of grammar1. argued for four “fundamental categories” for the theory of grammar: unit, structure, class, and system (Categories of the theory of grammar) 2. shows that the notion of “system“ has been part of his theory from its origins 3. argues that the explanation of how language works “needed to be grounded in a functional analysisLanguage in society Language in society: reflecting his theoretical and methodological connection to language as first and foremost concerned with “acts of meaning“. This volume contains many of his early papers, in which he argues for a deep connection between language and social structure. Halliday argues that language does not merely to reflect social structureStudies in child language developmentInstrumental: This is when the child uses language to express their needs (e.g. “Want juice“) Regulatory: This is where language is used to tell others what to do (e.g. “Go away“) Interactional: Here language is used to make contact with others and form relationships (e.g. “Love you, Mummy“) Personal: This is the use of language to express feelings, opinions, and individual identity (e.g. “Me good girl“) Heuristic: This is when language is used to gain knowledge about the environment (e.g. What the tractor doing?) Imaginative: Here language is used to tell stories and jokes, and to create an imaginary environment. Representational: The use of language to convey facts and informationAcademic Contributions An Introduction to Functional Grammar 功能语法导论 The Language of Early Childhood 婴幼儿的语言 The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach 英语的功能分析：韩礼德模式 Language as Social Semiotic: The Social Interpretation of Language and meaning 作为社会符号的语言：从社会角度诠释语言与意义 Language System and Function 语言的系统与功能1. a classic academic work 2. functional grammar theories 3. systemic functional linguistic thoughts4. the maturity of academic thought and the essence of systemic functional linguistic theory.5. Saussures(索绪尔) thoughts of modern linguistics 6. the European schools thoughts of linguistic function.7. a basic functional grammar textbook1. an