A Brief Introduction toA Brief Introduction toThe Peoples Republic of ChinaThe Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国概况简介中华人民共和国概况简介Lecture I 第一讲Based mainly upon the beginning part of the Textbook.(主要根据课本开篇部分的内容讲授) USEFUL WORDS Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; With our very flesh and bloodWith our very flesh and blood Let us build our new Great Wall!Let us build our new Great Wall! The peoples of China are in the most critical time,The peoples of China are in the most critical time, Everybody must roar his defiance.Everybody must roar his defiance. Arise! Arise! Arise!Arise! Arise! Arise! Millions of hearts with one mind,Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemys gunfire,Brave the enemys gunfire, March on!March on! Brave the enemys gunfire,Brave the enemys gunfire, March on! March on! March on, on!March on! March on! March on, on!V. V. The CapitalThe Capital of the PRC is Beijing ( of the PRC is Beijing (首都首都) ) It is not only the nations political centre, but also its It is not only the nations political centre, but also its cul-cul- turaltural, scientific and educational heart ancient architectural complex in the world; the Temple of the Temple of HeavenHeaven ( (天坛天坛) ), where the Ming solemn rituals for bountiful harvests; the Summer Palacethe Summer Palace ( (颐颐 和园和园) ), the emperors magnificent garden retreat; , the emperors magnificent garden retreat; the Ming the Ming TombsTombs ( (明明十三陵十三陵) ), and a superbly preserved section of , and a superbly preserved section of thetheGreat Wall Great Wall. .Large-scale construction since the founding of Large-scale construction since the founding of the PRC in 1949 has brought great changes to Beijing. the PRC in 1949 has brought great changes to Beijing. Todays Beijing still retains the attracting fascination of an Todays Beijing still retains the attracting fascination of an ancient capital. It attractsancient capital. It attractsbothbothdomesticdomestic&foreignforeignvisitorsvisitorswhowhocomecometotowonder at its glorious history and unique wonder at its glorious history and unique cultural relics.cultural relics.【中华人民共和国的首都是北京。它不仅是中国的政治中心，还中华人民共和国的首都是北京。它不仅是中国的政治中心，还 是其文化是其文化、科技和教育中心科技和教育中心，亦是中国主要的交通枢纽。北京位亦是中国主要的交通枢纽。北京位 于中国的东北部，是一个独立管理的大都市，面积约于中国的东北部，是一个独立管理的大都市，面积约1.681.68万平方万平方 公里，人口约为公里，人口约为12001200万。北京作为首都已有万。北京作为首都已有800800多年的历史，拥多年的历史，拥 有许多名胜古迹有许多名胜古迹其中包括其中包括“ “紫禁城紫禁城” ”世界上保护最好的古世界上保护最好的古 建筑群；建筑群；“ “天坛天坛” ”明清皇帝祈祷五谷丰登之地；明清皇帝祈祷五谷丰登之地；“ “颐和园颐和园” ” 皇帝休闲避暑的胜地；皇帝休闲避暑的胜地；“ “十三陵十三陵” ”、一段保存完好的一段保存完好的“ “长城长城” ”等。等。19491949年新中国成立后年新中国成立后，大量的建筑给北京带来了巨变大量的建筑给北京带来了巨变。今天的北今天的北 京仍保持着古都的魅力京仍保持着古都的魅力，吸引国内外游客来此探访其辉煌的历史吸引国内外游客来此探访其辉煌的历史 和独特的文化遗产。和独特的文化遗产。】A glimpse at the Summer Palace 颐和园一瞥The Temple of Heaven天坛The Great Wall长城A glimpse at the Ming Tombs 十三陵一瞥A Sketch Map of The Ming Tombs 十三陵分布略图Xinhuamenthe main entrance to Zhongnanhai 新华门进入中南海的主门The Forbidden City 紫禁城A glimpse at the Forbidden City 紫禁城一瞥 SUPPLEMENTED PART (补充部分):【注：“补充部分”为教材里未涉及但很重要的常识。请同学们上课时认真做记录，以方便课后复习和背记。 下同。】 Location: It is located in the Eastern Hemisphere (东半 球), & East Asia on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. (中国位于东半球，地处太平洋西岸的东亚。) Size: The land area of China is 9.6 million sq. km, making it the largest country in Asia and the 3rd largest country in the world after Russia & Canada. Its land border is 22,800 km long (which touches 15 foreign countries). The coastline of China is 18,000 km long. 【中国的陆地面积为960万平方公里，是亚洲面积最大的国家， 也是位列俄罗斯和加拿大之后世界面积第三大国家。中国陆地边界线长2.28万公里 (与15个国家接壤)，其海岸线长1.8万公里。】Chinas location in Asia & the World中国在亚洲和世界的地理位置 Population: 1.37 billion (2011) (人口：13.7亿) Chinas Administrative Divisions: According to the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, the ad- ministrations of China are as follows: The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and munici-palities directly under the central government. Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into (autonomous) prefectures, (autonomous) counties and cities. (Autono-mous) counties are divided into townships. Municipali-ties are divided into districts and counties. 【根椐中华人民共和国宪法的规定，中央政府之下直接设置省、自治区和直辖市。 省和自治区之下设置地区/自治州；下一级再设(自治)县； (自治)县之下设置(少数民族)乡。 直辖市之下设立区和县。】At present, Chinas provincial administrative divisions At present, Chinas provincial administrative divisions are divided into the following four types (34 in all): are divided into the following four types (34 in all): A. A. provincesprovinces ( (省省) ): : 2323 (including Taiwan Province) (including Taiwan Province) B. B. autonomous regionsautonomous regions ( (自治区自治区) ): : 5 5the Tibet Autonomous Regionthe Tibet Autonomous Regionthe Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionthe Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regionthe Ningxia the Ningxia HuiHui Autonomous Region Autonomous Regionthe Guangxi the