How to Prepare for EarthquakesUnit 6 Section AContentsAALead-inBBPre-readingC CText StudyText StudyLead-inToday, we are to take up the topic “Earthquakes”. Since many parts of our country belong to areas where earthquakes are common, it is necessary for us to learn about how to deal with earthquake. So our topic-centered lead-in begins with the question as follows:Tips1. What does a strong earthquake bring to us? TipsLike it or not, the earthquakes are a disaster we have to be faced with at all times. This is because they are like ghosts haunting upon us without any fixed pattern of time and space. In this case, it is much better for us to know more about them. My first question is:1) It brings instant ruin upon the fruits ofour labor, such as ; 2) It gives rise to secondary disasters like ; 3) It takes a heavy toll of human lives, asin ; 4) It gives us a great insight into ;Tips2. How to predict a strong earthquake?Tips1) Weather conditions? 2) Radon or hydrogen gas content of soil orground water? 3) Water level in wells? 4) Animal behavior? Tips3. How to prepare ourselves well for a big earthquake?Before an earthquake 1) Keep handy a survival kit, in which ; 2) Know the safe locations in your home; 3) Arrange for the way of family unity; During an earthquake 4) If outdoors, get away from high objects; 5) If indoors, stay away from windows; 6) If driving, pull over and stop;TipsWatch and DiscussDirections: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:Video watching2. 2. How much do you know about other natural disasters? 1. 1. Whats your insight into earthquakes? KeyKeyEarthquakePre-reading 1234567What should people in areas where earthquakes are common do to prepare their houses?Why are people in these region suggested to prepare something that can clean water and kill bacteria?What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related projects? How are most of the people killed in earthquakes?What do architects do to prevent property damage?What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements?What is the sensible way to keep all the family members informed of each other in large earthquake-stricken city?Topic-centered Analysis of TextHow to deal with the topic?The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topic earthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation. In the end, he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on peoples preparation for earthquakes. predictionpreventionpreparationmaterial structureindividualfacilities survival supplies communicationBuildingPara. 1a Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earthquakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. How to Prepare for EarthquakesHow to Prepare for Earthquakes Text Analyzing and ReadingPara. 1b For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze to death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. Text Analyzing and Reading句型Para. 1c Certain birds, like pigeons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Text Analyzing and Reading句型Para. 2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. Text Analyzing and Reading句型Para. 2b Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. These joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. Text Analyzing and ReadingPara. 2c In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. Text Analyzing a