烟台大学硕士学位论文跨文化交际视角下的英语学习者在线互动与绩效研究-以“第二 人生“作为虚拟学习社区的个案研究姓名：李加霞申请学位级别：硕士专业：外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师：宋鸿波2011-05i 摘摘 要要 在过去的几十年中， 计算机网络技术的迅猛发展有力地推动了不同文化背景人们之间的交际，不断扩展的互联网为我们提供了与世界各地人们进行交流的良好机会，这使得世界日益发展成为一个不可分割的整体。 互联网的便捷同样也使得跨文化交际进入前所未有的繁盛局面，极大地促进了人们在政治、经济、科技、文化、教育等领域的合作与交流。 随着网络技术的不断发展，在此期间大量的三维虚拟世界也应运而生。将虚拟社区应用到学习当中就形成了虚拟学习社区。这种应用主要是建立在建构主义的基础上。根据建构主义学家的观点，学习过程是在社会环境中发生的，学习者是其自身学习环境的积极建构者。 第二人生(Second Life)就是林登实验室于 2003 年发布的一个多用户虚拟环境。它是一个完全由居民创建的三维虚拟世界，居民可以在这个虚拟社区中进行各种社会活动。由于其高端的网络技术，第二人生具有超强的三维画面质量，这使整个虚拟环境栩栩如生，非常逼真。同时，该软件还具有高品质的音频和短信功能，这使谈话可以顺利进行。因其精深的网络技术和具有沉浸式的特点，第二人生从某种程度上可以帮人们创造一种与现实接近的交流环境。正是基于以上几点优势，本研究选择使用该软件进行实验以测试其能否有力地促进跨文化交际能力（主要是口语方面）的提高。 越来越多不同文化背景的人们加入到第二人生中来。 虽然经过一段时间的交际后他们的跨文化交际能力有了一定的提高， 但是由于受计算机媒介和跨文化交际两方面因素的影响，从某种程度上来说他们的这种提高受到了一些限制。尽管如此，第二人生中的在线互动还是从很大程度上促进了英语学习者的成绩，口语也是如此。 本研究提出三个研究问题： （1）英语学习者对于 Second Life 虚拟学习社区的认同感。 （2）从跨文化交际的角度看在 Second Life 虚拟学习环境学习的过程中英语学习者（non-native speaker）与交流对象（native speaker）之间的互动性是怎样的。 （3）通过在 Second Life 虚拟学习环境中的交际和学习，英语学习者的语言绩效是ii 怎样的，有怎样的变化。 从跨文化交际角度研究 Second Life 虚拟学习环境中的英语学习者在线交际互动的基础上，本研究探讨了英语学习者在 Second Life 虚拟学习环境中的在线交际互动与语言学习成绩之间的关系。 本研究的意义在于将 Second Life L 应用到英语学习中，这不仅可以拓展英语学习者的真实语言学习环境，而且大大推动了不同区域，不同文化，不同背景的英语学习者之间的交际，这种交际对英语学习可能有较大的促进作用。 关键词关键词：虚拟学习社区；虚拟学习社区归属感；以计算机网络为媒介的跨文化交际； 互动；绩效 iii Abstract With the rapid development of computer and network technologies, communication between cultures has been greatly enhanced over the past few decades. The ever-expanding Internet has given us a good chance to communicate with people all around the world, and the world is increasingly becoming a closely linked integration. The convenience of the Internet also makes intercultural communication (ICC) enter the unprecedented prosperous situation, which greatly promotes peoples cooperation in the fields of politic, economy, technology, culture, education, and so on. Along with the development of network technologies, volumes of 3D virtual worlds have been created during this period. Adopting virtual communities to learning, there may form virtual learning communities. This application is mainly based on social constructivism. According to constructionists, learning takes place in a sociocultural environment and learners are active constructors of their own learning environment. Second Life (SL) is a multi-user virtual environment that was promulgated by Linden Labs in 2003. It is a 3D virtual world entirely created by its residents, and various social activities are conducted here. Owing to the splendid computer and network technologies, SL has the super 3D quality, which can make the environment more vivid. This 3D system also possesses audio and message sending function, which can facilitate the conversation go smoothly. Due to the immersion and complicated network technology, SL can help us create a real communication environment to some extent. That is the very reason why choosing the software SL to improve peoples intercultural communication competence for this research. As more and more English learners with different culture background communicate with each other in SL, their ICC competences (oral interactive communicative competence)may improve obviously after communicating. However, because of the computer-mediated intercultural communication (CMICC) and limited ICC competence and strategies, to a certain degree, their ICC competences of online interaction may be restricted. Although their learning efficiency may be affected by many kinds of factors, the online interactive communication in SL may greatly promote English learners performance to some extent. iv This study tries to verify the validity of English learners using software SL to improve their intercultural communication competence by means of survey and interview. According to the research purpose of this study, three questions are raised here for further analysis: (1) How is the English learners sense of belonging to Second Life as the Virtual Learning Community? (2) How do the interactions between English learners (non-native speakers) and their partners (native speakers) affect the English learners performances in SL from the perspective of intercultural communication? (3) Are there any changes that may occur after their learning and communication in SL? How do the English learners performance change in SL？ In this study, propelled by the learning reform wave, backup of constructivism and the development of CMICC, the author makes a probe into a new learning model based on the network and multimedia technology to reveal the learning effectiveness of this new model and its positive effects on reinforcing learners CMICC abilities, especially the oral communicative competence. Keywords: Virtual Learning Community; Sense of Belonging; CMICC; Interaction; Performance 烟台大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明烟台大学学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品或成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 论文作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文