上海交通大学MPA学位论文 新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 II新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 摘摘 要要 汉书郦食其传 ： “王者以民为天，而民以食为天” ，食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件，食品的安全历来为各国各界政府所重视。近年来，食品安全事故频发，这些事故的发生不仅严重打击了广大消费者的消费心理，也往往引发人们对政府监管失位的指责，导致政府的公信力受损。 世界各国政府从国家公共安全的高度审视食品安全问题，对食品实施政府监管。在口岸，对来自国外的进口食品实施监督管理是各国普遍采用的食品监管手段之一。近年来，在食品安全事故频发的背景下，各国更是纷纷加强食品的口岸监管力度。而我国的进口食品口岸监督管理模式基本上还是上世纪七十年代末八十年代初计划经济时代的产物。在当今，食品工业发展迅猛、信息时代的到来、全球化的背景下，原有的进口食品口岸监督管理工作受到越来越多的挑战，亟需改进。 进口食品口岸监督管理属于政府公共管理活动范畴之一，因此，它的模式必须符合公共管理学原理。当我们带着探寻的目光巡视着公共管理学理论的发展轨迹时，一场发生于 20 世纪 70 年代末期，旨在革新政府的新公共管理运动给了我们很大的启示。 首先，中国现阶段也正面临着和西方当时的新公共管理运动相似的背景，主要表现在：官僚体制的长期运行，致使政府的规模庞大，滋生出较多的经济和政治问题；信息技术革命的到来迫使政府更透明、高效；经济的全球化对政府治理带来挑战。正如西方的新公共管理运动是被形式压迫出来的， 中国的政府也正面临着社会的变迁给政府带来压力。 其次，新公共管理提出将企业式的管理运用到政府公共管理中，提倡“市场检验” 、“顾客导向服务” 、 “成本效能原则”等原则，主张减少政府审批、政府应管得少管得好、少花钱多办事。 新公共管理的这些市场化主张和我国经济由计划走向市场的改革方向不谋而合。 再则，我国目前的进口食品口岸监督管理模式存在的一些问题，诸如：政府职能错上海交通大学MPA学位论文 新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 III位、政府管理活动忽视成本效能等，这些问题正是新公共管理运动中各国政府所关注并要解决的问题。 基于这些因素的考虑， 将新公共管理理论作为完善改革我国进口食品口岸监督管理模式的理论基础，在这一理论思想视角下审视我国进口食品口岸监督管理模式。 本文主要通过对我国进口食品口岸监督管理现有模式的分析指出其存在的弊端和成因。通过对新公共管理理论中若干原则的解读，提出对进口食品口岸监督管理工作的设计理念。最后，结合国外发达国家进口食品口岸监督管理的实际情况，提出完善我国进口食品口岸监督管理工作的对策。 关键词：关键词：进口食品，口岸，监督管理，新公共管理 上海交通大学MPA学位论文 新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 IVIMPORT FOOD SUPERVISION MANAGEMENT AT OUR CUSTOMS PORT UNDER THE NEW PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THEORY ANGLE OF VIEWS ABSTRACT HAN HISTORY A LIFE STORY OF LI SHI : “People is primary matter to the King, Food is primary matter to the people”. Food is the most basic physical conditions for humanitys livelihood and development. In recent years, food safety accidents take place quite frequently,To cause the people pay the high attention to food security. These accidents occurrence seriously has not only attacked the general consumers expense psychology, also often cause the people accuse of the government lose the position of supervision, causes governments credit strength to suffer injury. Some countries government pay close attention to the food security problem highly as the national public security, to food implementation government supervision. In the port, to implementation supervision management to import food is one which of food supervision methods which countries used generally. In recent years, under the background which in food safety incident frequency happened, some countries were strengthen food in port supervision manner. As our countrys import food port supervision management pattern 上海交通大学MPA学位论文 新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 Vbasically in the late-1970s in the early 80s planned economy time product. The food industry development is now more fast, information times arrival, under the globalized background, the original import food pattern have received more and more challenges, needs to improve. The import food port management by supervision belongs to one of government public administration, therefore, its pattern must conform to the public management science principle. When we bring to be inquiring about the orbit of public management science theory development, occurs in the late-1970s, was for the purpose of innovating governments new public administration movement to give us the very big enlightenment. First, the Chinese present stage was in situation as same as the background of the Western new public administration movement, Mainly displays in: The bureaucrat systems exist for long time, to cause the governments scale is more and more huge, multiplies many economies and the political issue; The information technology revolutions arrival that force government is more transparent highly effective; The economical globalization brings the challenge to the government. Just like Westerns new public administration movement is occur by oppressed, Chinas government is also facing the same the pressure. Next, the new public administration proposed that utilizes enterprises-like management in the government public administration, advocated that “the market examination”, “the customer guides the service”, “the cost potency principle” and so on principles, advocated that the reduced government examines and approves, do less and do better , spend less and do better. Moreover, our country present import food port management by supervision pattern existence some questions, such as: The government function dislocation, the government management activity neglect cost potency and so on, these questions are the questions which in the new public administration movement countries government pays attention and must solve. Based on these factors consideration, will be new the public administration 上海交通大学MPA学位论文 新公共管理理论视角下的我国进口食品口岸监督管理 VItheory achievement to consummate reforms to our import food port management by supervision pattern the rationale, carefully examines our country under this theory thought angle of view to import food port manageme