来至 TJStart 生化历来都不画重点的，但留学生老是过不了，于是就有了这个重点资料，和我们考的差不 多，但是英语的，后面有谷歌的翻译，将就一下。 Brief Exercises of Biochemistry Chapter 1 The structure and function of protein Explain the following terms 1. peptide bond 2. Amino acid residues 3. Primary structure of protein 4. isoelectric point 5. Secondary structure of protein 6. Tertiary structure of protein 7. Domain 8. Protein denaturation 9. Quaternary structure of protein Answer the following questions briefly 1. What is physiological significance of hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve as S-shaped? 2. Please describe physiological functions of proteins. Discuss the following questions (Essay questions) 1. Explain the relationship between the primary and spatial structure and the function of protein. Chapter 2 The structure and function of nucleic acids Explain the following terms 1. primary structure of nucleic acids 2. DNA denaturation 3. Tm 4. DNA renaturation 5. nucleic acid hybridization Answer the following questions briefly 1. What is the structural characteristics of an eukaryocyte mature mRNA? 2. What is the biological significance of Tm? Discuss the following questions (Essay questions) 1. Please compare the two types of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in the chemical composition, molecular structure, cell distribution and biological functions. 2. Please describe the structural characteristics of the B-DNA. 3. Describe the molecular composition, structural features and functions of tRNA. Chapter 3 Enzyme Explain the following terms 1. enzyme 2. enzyme active center 3. enzyme competitive inhibition 4. Km 5. isoenzyme 6. zymogen activation Answer the following questions briefly 1. Explains with examples the competitive inhibition characteristic and the practical significance. 2. What is the relationship between the enzyme cofactor and vitamine? 3. What is the physiological significance of zymogen? 4. What is isoenzyme? What is clinical significance of isoenzyme? 5. How many kinds of essential group of enzyme are there? What is the role of each? Chapter 4 Metabolism of carbohydrate Explain the following terms 1. glycolysis 2. glycolytic pathway 3. tricarboxylic acid cycle 4. gluconeogenesis 5. blood sugar Answer the following questions briefly 1. Describe briefly source and fate of blood sugar 2. Describe briefly the physiological significance of gluconeogenesis 3. Describe briefly the physiological significance of glycolysis 4. Describe briefly the outline of TCA cycle 5. Describe briefly the physiological significance of TCA cycle 6. Describe briefly the physiological significance of pentose phosphate pathway 7. Outline the reasons for the formation of lactic acid cycle and the physiological significance. 8. Overview the important role of B vitamins in glucose metabolism. 9. Why 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase activity will increase after uptake high-carbohydrate diet? Discuss the following questions (Essay questions) 1. Explain how is lactate converted into glucose? (Write down the main reactions and key enzymes) 2. Explain how is lactate converted into CO2, H2O and releases ATP? (Write down the main reactions and key enzymes) 3. Overview the regulation molecular mechanism of adrenaline on the blood sugar level. 4. Please explain why a slimmer has to reduce the intake of carbohydrates from the point of view of nutrients metabolism. (Write down the related pathways, cellular localization, main reactions and key enzyme) Chapter 5 Metabolism of lipids Explain the following terms 1. fat mobilization 2. ketone body 3. plasma lipoprotein 4. apolipoprotein 5. essential fatty acid 6. blood lipids Answer the following questions briefly 1. What is the function of bile acid at lipids digestion? 2. What is the physiological significance of ketone body generation? 3. What are materials of fatty acid synthesis? 4. What is the physiological significance of cholesterol? 5. What are the functions of apolipoprotein? Discuss the following questions (Essay questions) 1. Describe the sources, chemical composition characteristics and main physiological functions of plasma lipoprotein. 2. Explain how is the stearic acid converted into CO2, H2O and releases ATP? 3. Please describe the oxidation catabolism process of glycerol generated from fat mobilization 4. Explain how is the glycerol converted into glycogen? 5. Describe the source and fate of acetyl-CoA? Chapter 6 Biological oxidation Explain the following terms 1. biological oxidation 2. respiratory chain 3. oxidative phosphorylation 4. substrate level phosphorylation Discuss the following questions (Essay questions) 1. Write down the sequence of two respiratory chain Chapter 7 Metabolism of amino-acid Explain the following terms 1. essential amino acid 2. deamination of amino acid 3. tr