21-1LABORATORY EXERCISE #21 Physiology of the Respiratory SystemI. INTRODUCTION The ability of the respiratory system to supply blood with oxygen and rid it of carbon dioxide is under physiological control. When the nervous system detects an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the body, various reflexes are activated that cause in increase in rate and depth of ventilation. In this exercise several aspects of the regulation of respiratory system activity will be studied. In addition various lung volumes will be measured.The lab work will be done in groups assigned by the instructor at several stations.II. DETERMINATION OF LUNG VOLUMES AND ASPECTS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION This experiment will be done as a group. One member of the group will operate the computer while the lung volumes of another member are measured. The instructor will have turned the computer on, loaded the software and calibrated the wet spirometer before class.II.A. APPARATUS SETUP One member of each group will be the computer operator and another member will be the subject whose respiratory volumes will be recorded. The instructor should have set up the Biopac recording system and the computer should be on. If this has not already been done, the procedure is as follows: 1. Start with the computer off. 2. Plug the USB1W interface into the USB port on the front of the computer and the USB adaptor cable into the MP 30 data acquisition unit. 3. Plug the airflow transducer electrode module (SS11LA) into Channel 1 (Ch 1) of the MP 30 data acquisition unit. 4. Plug in the AC power adaptor for the MP30, BUT DO NOT TURN THE MP 30 ON. 5. Turn on the computer. The “Ready Light” on the USB1W should come on. 6. For User Name:, type in, “biopac“. For Password:, type in “B10_P4C123”. For Log onto:, the default, “CFLM11, this computer“, or “5FLFMIS, this computer”, should be showing, depending on which computer you are operating. 7. Click on the folder, BSL Lessons, 3.7 from the shortcuts on the left-hand side of the desktop.21-28. You will get an error message. Turn on the MP30. Wait a few seconds and click on the Retry button.9. Choose (highlight) Lesson L12-Lung-1 and click on OK.10. Type in a file name. It should have the form “LbY_XXX_m or f“ where Y is the number of your lab; XXX are the subjects initials, and “m“ stands for male and “f“ for female-the gender of the subject. Click on OK.11. A recording window will open. Read the instructions at the bottom of the screen. The apparatus should look like Figure 21-1. When ready, click on Calibrate. A new screen will open. Read the instructions on the pop-up window (you will allow the tracing to complete one cycle). When you are ready, click on OK. 12. When the sweep is completed, a new window will pop up. Read the instructions at the bottom of the screen. Once you understand them, click OK. NOTE: this means you will have pulled the handle of the airflow transducer all the way out before you start. When pumping the calibration syring plunger, twist the handle. It will pump smoother. When done, click on End Calibration. The resulting graph should look like Fig 21-2 and the handle of the airflow transducer should be all the way out again. You will have a chance to redo the calibration or redo a respiratory volume tracing. If you are ready to do the latter. Click on Record. 13. A new recording window will open. Carefully read the instructions at the bottom of the screen all the way through. 14. Follow the directions at the bottom of the screen. Make SURE you have a new personal (bacteriological) filter and mouthpiece in place (Fig 21-3). 15. Obtained a satisfactory tracing (Fig 21-4) with: 1) three normal breaths 2) a forced inhalation (breathe in as deeply as you can in one breath), followed by a 3) a forced exhalation (breathe out as rapidly as you can in one breath) and 4) three normal breaths a third time If the tracing you have does not look like this, or if the first three quiet breaths are not fairly close to one another in size and shape, you should redo the measurement. Otherwise, click on Done. A window will pop up. If you are certain your tracing is OK, click on yes. Another window will pop up. Select Analyze current data file and click on OK.21-3Fig 21-1.The Respiratory Volume Apparatus Ready for CalibrationFig 21-2. The Tracing Produced by CalibrationFig 21-3. Subject with Respiratory Volume Apparatus in PlaceFig 21-4. A Satisfactory Respiratory Volume Tracingairflow transducerbacteriological filter calabration syringe21-4II.B. PREPARATION FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND ANALYZING DATA 1. Setting up Variables The five sets of small red, green or blue measurement boxes, seen just above the graph, are used to record data you highlight with the I-beam tool. Each set consists of a smaller, square box on the left and a longer, rectangular box on the right. Alter the boxes as follows:a. Click on the square box in the first set.