南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文终端区空域结构优化理论与方法姓名：张慧申请学位级别：硕士专业：交通运输规划与管理指导教师：韩松臣20090101南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 I摘 要 随着空中交通流量的持续增长，空域结构不合理导致的空中交通拥挤问题日益严重。终端区空域是空中交通的密集和枢纽区域，通过科学、合理地优化，不仅能够保证飞行安全，提高空域容量，还可以充分地利用空域资源，提升整个空域的空中交通服务能力。本文紧密联系我国终端区的实际情况，从空管部门实际运行角度对终端区空域规划问题进行了深入、系统地研究，给出了适合我国国情的终端区结构优化方法。 本文运用多元线性回归结合 Fratar 法的两阶段分布预测模型， 预测终端区空域内各条进离场航路的飞机流量；通过计算机编程实现了终端区空域航路理论容量的计算；在前人研究基础上，系统全面地总结出适用于我国终端区空域、航路规划以及扇区划分的原则；研究了管制员工作负荷的组成，运用人工调查与雷达语音数据分析统计管制员工作负荷；针对终端区飞行航路的特征，引入“飞行航段”理论，建立基于航段的终端区 voronoi 有限元剖分模型，并在流量预测和航路结构优化的基础上进行扇区划分。利用这一系统化的方法，以上海终端区空域为背景，进行上海机场空域未来第 5 年飞机流量的分布预测，上海终端区空域各条航路理论容量计算、航路网络结构优化，以及上海终端区空域管制扇区的划分。最后，就该领域的进一步研究提出了一些看法。 关键词：关键词：终端区，空域优化，飞机流量分布预测，航路规划，扇区划分 终端区空域结构优化理论与方法 IIAbstract With the continued growth of air traffic flow, air traffic congestion caused by irrational airspace structure has become more serious. Terminal Area airspace is an intensive and hub area, through scientific and rational optimization of terminal airspace, not only flight safety can be ensured, airspace capacity can be enhanced, but also airspace resource can be optimized greatly and air traffic service ability of entire airspace can be improved. Based on actual conditions of Chinas terminal area, this article studied terminal area airspace planning in-depth and systematically from prospect of actual operation of air traffic control department, and optimization method of terminal area airspace structure suitable for Chinas national conditions. In this paper, two-stage distribution forecasting model based on multiple linear regression and Fratar method was used to predict aircraft flow of each approach and departure routes in terminal area. Theoretical capacity of routes in terminal area airspace was calculated by computer programming. Based on previous researches, rules for Chinas terminal area airspace planning and sector partition were summarized systematically. Controller work load composition was studied, and controller work load was computed based on artificial investigation and radar voice data. According to characteristics of routes in terminal area, “fight leg” theory was introduced, and terminal area voronoi finite element subdivision model was build based on leg, and sector was partitioned based on air traffic flow prediction and optimization of routes structure. Based on this systematic method, according to Shanghai terminal area airspace, the fifth year aircraft flow of Shanghai airport terminal area was predicted, theoretical capacity was computed, routes network structure was optimized, and control sector of Shanghai terminal area airspace was partitioned. Finally, views about further research in this area were presented. Key Word: Terminal area, Airspace optimization, Aircraft flow distribution forecast, Routes planning, Sector partition 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 V图表清单 图 2.1 1999-2007 年上海机场旅客吞吐量增长趋势.15 图 2.2 1999-2007 年上海机场航班起降架次增长趋势.15 图 2.3 上海终端区简化空域图.17 图 3.1 典型终端区空域结构示意图（平面俯视）.24 图 3.2 终端区标准仪表进近各航段.25 图 3.3 典型终端区空域结构示意图（三维空域）.26 图 3.4 终端区飞行交叉点示意图.27 图 3.5 终端区飞行转弯点示意图.29 图 3.6 终端区飞行单一节点示意图.29 图 3.7 上海终端区现行进离场航路结构示意图.33 图 3.8 上海终端区向北雷达引导空域.34 图 3.9 上海终端区周边军民航机场布局图.35 图 3.10 上海终端区进、离场航路结构图.36 图 3.11 节点容量评估参数输入.36 图 3.12 上海终端区航路网络调整优化平面示意图.39 图 3.13 上海终端区航路网络调整优化立体示意图.39 图 3.14 终端区优化前后高峰小时各航路流量分配.40 图 3.15 高峰小时流量在优化前后航路分配比例.41 图 4.1 终端区管制员所用标准纸制进程单.43 图 4.2 多通道雷达语音分析记录仪.