硕士学位论文 I摘 要 钢板弹簧是汽车非独立悬挂装置中常用的一种弹性元件。其作用是传递车轮与车身之间的力和力矩，缓和由于路面不平而传递给车身的冲击载荷，衰减冲击载荷所引起的振动，保证车辆的行驶平顺性。钢板弹簧结构简单，维修方便，成本低廉，在悬挂系统中可兼起导向作用，因此得到极为广泛的应用，其疲劳特性与阻尼特性对车辆行驶的可靠性和安全性有重要意义。本文在对多片钢板弹簧结构应力有限元分析的基础上，对其进行性能的模拟分析研究。 利用 UG/GRIP 语言，编写二次开发程序，建立钢板弹簧各簧片自由状态下的参数化三维模型。根据该型号多片钢板弹簧的三维尺寸、曲率半径和自由弧高等设计参数，建立每一片钢板弹簧簧片的三维实体模型。参数化建模简化了复杂烦琐的建模过程，为模型的修改以及其他型号钢板弹簧三维模型的建立提供了方便。 根据建成的钢板弹簧三维模型，利用 ANSYS 软件进行映射网格划分，并在两簧片的接触区域生成 ANSYS 软件所提供的接触单元， 建立起多片钢板弹簧的有限元模型。通过适当的特性选取，模拟簧片间的非线性接触。模拟装配夹紧过程施加的载荷约束，并计算该过程中钢板弹簧内部产生的预应力，验证模型装配的正确性。模拟钢板弹簧刚度试验，计算装配后钢板弹簧的刚度，并与实际试验结果比较，验证模型的正确性。 利用材料的 S-N 曲线，并考虑钢板弹簧实际的零部件特征对其疲劳寿命的影响，利用 ANSYS 疲劳分析模块进行疲劳计算，确定出钢板弹簧的疲劳危险区域以及疲劳寿命，并与试验得出的疲劳寿命做对比。根据机械振动学原理，对钢板弹簧进行阻尼特性仿真分析，计算出该型号多片钢板弹簧的阻尼比。 本文通过参数化建模和有限元法，对某型号多片钢板弹簧进行刚度、疲劳寿命和阻尼的仿真分析，并将计算结果与试验结果进行对比。研究表明有限元法在钢板弹簧特性分析中有很高的准确性，对实体模型采用疲劳寿命的 S-N 曲线法计算能较准确的预测出疲劳破坏发生的区域及结构的疲劳寿命，在实际应用中可以缩短开发周期，减少成本，有很高的使用价值。 关键词：多片钢板弹簧；有限元；参数化；接触；疲劳寿命；阻尼 基于有限元的某多片钢板弹簧性能仿真试验研究 IIAbstract Leaf spring is an elastic component often used in dependent-type suspension on modern vehicles. Its function is transferring the force and moment from wheel to body, decreasing the impact load from road surface, attenuating the vibration which caused by the impact load, assuring the regular running of the vehicle. Leaf spring has simpleness configuration and low manufacturing cost, its easy to maintain and as a guide mechanism of the suspension. Those advantages makes leaf spring be used wildly, and its fatigue and damp characteristics are vital to the reliability and security in the vehicle riding. This paper implement a CAE performance analysis based on the FE analysis of one type multi-leaf spring. By using the UG/GRIP, a parametric 3D model of each leaf spring which at free condition is constructed. According to the design parameter of this multi-leaf spring, such as dimension, curvature and arc high, a solid model leaf is constructed automatically. The parametric modeling can predigest the modeling task and provide a convenient way to modify or construct new solid model of multi-leaf spring. Making use of the solid model, a FE model of the multi-leaf spring is constructed by ANSYS mapped mesh. To figure out the nonlinear contact condition of the leaf spring, we use contact element type to simulate the contact region of leaf spring, and treat with the elements attributes properly. A simulation of multi-leaf spring assemble is performed and the initial stress produced during this process is displayed, compare it to the theoretic value to confirm the FE model. Then simulate the stiffness test and calculate the stiffness value, compare it to real test value. Using the S-N curve, and considering the influence on fatigue characteristics of the leaf spring real feature, a fatigue analysis simulation is performed with the help of ANSYS fatigue module. Detecting the fatigue dangerous area and calculating the fatigue life of the multi-leaf spring, then compare it to test value. According to the theory of mechanical vibration, analyze the damp characteristic of the leaf spring and calculate the damp scale. This paper use FE and parametric modeling method, implement an stiffness, fatigue and damp simulation of one type multi-leaf spring, and compare the simulating results with the test results. The research reveal that the FE method has high accuracy in 硕士学位论文 IIIanalyzing characters of leaf spring and the S-N curve method can predict the fatigue dangerous area and fatigue life well and truly. The meanings and conclusions can effectively instruct the design of multi-leaf spring system. Keywords: Multi-leaf spring; FEM; Parametric; Contact; Fatigue life; Damp 硕士学位论文 VII插图索引 图 1.1 钢板弹簧的种类 3 图 2.1 常见的车用钢板弹簧结构 8 图2.2 60Si2Mn 弹簧钢 11 图2.3 多片簧的装配 12 图2.4 钢板弹簧的弹性测试 13 图3.1 簧片参数化建模对话框 17 图3.2 多片簧各片三伪模型 18 图3.3 自由簧片的装配 19 图4.1 六面体单元 Solid45 32 图4.2 多片钢板弹簧的分块情况 33 图4.3 单元划分情况 33 图4.4 接触对的接触情况 35 图 4.5 目标面单元 Conta173（左）与接触面单元 Targe170（右）37 图4.6 接触面单元划分情况 39 图 5.1 多片钢板弹簧总成位移（a）与应力（b）图 43 图5.2 各片簧片的装配应力 45 图5.3 多片钢板弹簧总成的有限元模型 46 图5.4 钢板弹簧加载过程的变形及应力云图 50 图6.1 经典的S-N曲线 54 图6.2 典型 Goodman疲劳极限图 56 图6.3 疲劳寿命分析流程 58 图6.4 60Si2Mn的材料S-N曲线 60 图6.5 多片钢板弹簧的危险区域 61 图6.6 两种变形状态的应力分布情况 62 图 6.7 交变载荷下 9-10 片接触面危险区域的应力值 64 图6.8 输入的S-N曲线坐标值 65 图6.9 设定好的交变载荷 65 图6.10 多片钢板弹簧的疲劳计算结 66 图7.1 钢板弹簧迟滞特性 71 图7.2 单自由度振动系统示意图 72 基于有限元的某多片钢板弹簧性能仿真试验研究 VIII图7.3 设置摩