化工与制药学院毕业设计说明书课题名称 年产 55 万吨甲醇生产工艺设计 专业班级 10 级有机与石油化工（2）班 学生学号 1006170213 学生姓名 李洋 学生成绩 指导教师 戢峻 课题工作时间 2014.03.24-2014.6.13 武汉工程大学化工与制药学院摘摘 要要甲醇是一种重要的有机化工原料，在有机合成工业中，是仅次于烯烃和芳烃的重要基础有机原料。甲醇合成反应中，合成气制甲醇工艺按压力分为高压、中压和低压法，甲醇精馏的工艺流程主要包括单塔工艺、双塔工艺、三塔工艺和四塔工艺,其中三塔精馏工艺是目前大型化甲醇精馏装置中应用最广泛的工艺过程。本设计以现有甲醇生产工艺为基础,结合甲醇精馏过程的实际生产工艺数据,运用 Aspen plus 模拟软件对甲醇精馏工艺现有的各种流程进行了工艺模拟计算和分析。本设计为 55 万吨粗甲醇精制项目设计粗甲醇合成流程及三塔精馏流程，其中包含合成塔的合成部分，预精馏塔、加压塔、常压塔的精馏部分，通过模拟计算,研究分析了流程配置、热回收方案、工艺参数和主要设备大小,并进行了优化分析。通过热力学和动力学模拟,研究了变换工序的流程设置、工艺参数、催化剂装填量和催化剂在初、中、末期时调节 CO 总变换量的手段,认为煤制甲醇装置可以通过改变变换气气量有效调节 CO 总变换量,变换反应器的催化剂装填量可相对较少。设计通过 Aspen 模拟各精馏塔进料组成，回流比，各塔板温度、压强、流率，对塔设备进行了设计。本设计对精馏塔的控制方案进行了说明，对各塔设备进行合校，对相关工艺安全风险进行了分析。数据计算包含各塔的物料恒算、各塔板尺寸设计、各塔板负荷性能计算，并绘制 CAD 图 5 张。关键词关键词：甲醇；合成塔；三塔工艺；Aspen 模拟；塔设备设计AbstractMethanol is an important organic chemical raw materials in organic synthesis industry, is second only to olefins and aromatics important basic organic raw materials.Methanol synthesis reaction of methanol syngas process according to the pressure is divided into high, medium voltage and low voltage method, technological process of methanol distillation mainly includes single pylon process, the twin towers, tower process and the four towers, three tower distillation process is one of the large-scale methanol distillation unit in the processes of the most widely used.This design based on the existing methanol production process, combining the actual production processes of methanol distillation process data, using the Aspen plus simulation software for various processes of methanol distillation process existing process simulation calculation and analysis.This design for the 550000 tons of crude methanol refining project design crude methanol synthesis process and three tower distillation processes, including synthetic part of the synthetic tower, pre column, pressurized column and atmospheric column distillation section, through numerical simulation, studied and analyzed the process configuration, heat recovery scheme, process parameters and main equipment size, and optimization analysis was carried out.Transformation process is studied through thermodynamics and dynamics simulation, the process of setting, process parameters and catalyst loading quantity and catalyst in the early, middle and late adjust the flow of CO total transformation method, coal to methanol device can by changing the transform effectively adjust the volume of total transformation CO gas volume, the transform of the reactor catalyst loading quantity can be relatively small.Design by Aspen simulation each column feed composition, reflux ratio, the plate temperature, pressure, flow rate, the tower equipment design.This design of rectification tower control scheme is illustrated, to close the school, the tower equipment of relevant process safety risk is analyzed. Data contains all the material of the tower is constant, the plate size design, performance calculation, each plate load and draw CAD figure 5.Key words: methanol; Synthetic tower; Three towers process; Aspen simulation; Tower equipment design目 录 摘 要 .I Abstract .II 第 1 章 概述.1 1.1 甲醇的发展.1 1.2 甲醇的生产方法.1 1.3 甲醇精制工艺流程.3 第 2 章 合成塔设计.5 2.1 甲醇合成催化剂及合成工艺选择.5 2.1.1 催化剂选择.5 2.1.2 反应温度.5 2.1.3 反应压力.6 2.1.4 气体组成.6 2