中南民族大学硕士学位论文武汉地区高等院校职业指导现状分析姓名：史文利申请学位级别：硕士专业：教育学原理指导教师：杨卫东20100528中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I摘 要 目前大学生就业的困境是学生找不到合适的工作,而企业的困境却是找不到合适的人才，其实质是人职不匹配造成的矛盾，学生的就业力不足也是就业鸿沟凸显的主要原因之一。 高校的职业指导在提升学生就业力和提高学生的人职匹配性方面的作用是不用质疑的。 本文在文献研究的基础上，通过对武汉 6 所高校展开的名为“大学生职业指导与就业”的问卷调查，分析了当前职业指导的现状和存在的问题以及产生的原因：即高校职业指导的理论超前、实践滞后，成效低；指导形式和内容单一，缺乏多样性，不能适应社会多样化的需求；评价和考核指标也有待于完善；学生的自主性差等。从而对高校当前的职业指导现状提出更新职业指导观念、 建立分层九职一体化的职业指导体制以及发挥学生的积极主动性三方面的对策及建议。 本文的创新之处在于重申对职业指导中的人职匹配理念的准确把握和理解，认为人职匹配不完全是大多数研究者认为的静止的匹配，而是一个动态的调适的过程；高校职业指导是一个从学历筛选到职业资格筛选再到能力筛选的过程； 同时将职业指导课程和实践内容以及实践后提出的职业设想和计划作为学分考核的内容是提高其职业指导实效的机制保障。 全文共分三部分： 第一部分是引言，主要介绍选题缘由、研究意义，文献综述，并武汉地区高等院校职业指导现状分析 II提出自己研究的思路和方法，主要的研究内容和拟创新之处。 第二部分是论文主体 第一章主要介绍职业指导的相关概念界定、职业指导理论的发展、高校职业指导的特点、高校职业指导目的和原则。 第二章是对武汉市 6 所高校的职业指导实践现状进行调查并对数据做统计分析，主要包括从学校的职业指导理念、职业指导体制建设、 对学生的积极主动性的调动等方面的职业指导实践的成效以及存在的不足方面入手，并对职业指导成效不佳的原因进行分析。 第三章针对问题和不足，提出自己的建议和对策，即从更新职业指导理念、 三层九职能部门的职业指导体制建设和学生的主动性发挥以及对学生进行课程和实践全部纳入学分考核方面的制度的改善。 最后一部分是结论，根据调查分析结果提出对策建议、此外就该研究的应用前景做价值评价，并对进一步的研究做了工作展望。 关键词：人职匹配,职业指导,武汉高校 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 IIIABSTRACT The dilemma of taking up occupations for the current college students is it is hard to hunt a right job. But on the other hand the difficult for enterprises is lack of right people. The substance of this discrepancy is that the person is unfit for the occupation.Another reason for enlarging this employ -gap is that the graduate is short of hunting ability. Its no doubt that the college is active in improving their ability of interviewing with the enterprise and enhancing their ideas of Person and Occupation Fit (POF) through vocational guidance. In this thesis, on the study of literature，we discuss the current situation of employment of college graduate through a vocational guidance survey named Vocational Guidance and Employment of College Student in six universities in Wuhan. There exist some problems in the vocatioanl guidance as follows: beyond theory and lag practice leading to low effectiveness; single form of guidance and lack of content leading to no variety and this is hard to be adapted for the multiple needs in the society; assessment and evaluation indicators needing to be strengthened; students lacking of activity. Thus we propose suggestions and improvements to renew the ideas of vocational guidance, to construct vocational guidance system and to spark the students activity. The innovation of this paper is to reiterate ideas of POF and how to 武汉地区高等院校职业指导现状分析 IVunderstand the ideas correctly in the practice. It is worthy to pint out that the idea of POF is not in completely static form which is the view of most scholars, but in a dynamic and adjustable process. The vocatioanl guidance by college is a selection procedure and it goes through from the studentseducation to their career qualification and to their actual abilities. It is advisable take the mechanism to improve the effectiveness of vocational guidance by making the vocational guidance program, practices and proposed plan to be credit assessment. The full text of this thesis contains three parts: The first part is introduction, which is to introduce the reasons of this topic, importance of the proposed topic, literature review and the proposed ideas and methods in literature, the main research contents and the proposed innovations in this thesis. The second part is the body of the thesis The first chapter is to introduce the defined concepts and ideas of POF and the development of vocational guidance theory, the character of vocational guidance by college, the aim and principle of career guidance. The second chapter gives the investigation and statistical analysis of the practice of vocatioanl guidance by six universities in Wuhan. We propose our view mainly from several aspects including the ideas of vocatioanl guidance by college, the construction of a positive career guidance system and the sparking of activity of students, the practice 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 Veffectiveness of career guidance and shortcomings. The analysis of reasons for bad effectiveness also should be cared for. The third chapter puts forward my own proposals and measures based on problems and shortcomings mentioned in the investigation and analyzed in Chapter Two. That is to say that renewing the ideas of vocational guidance, the construction of vocational guidance system, sparking the activity of student, the courses and practice of vocational guidance should be taken into credit system. The last part is to draw conclusions and propose the improvement, application prospect, the value of evaluation, and prospect for further research work. Key word: Person and Occupation Fit, Vocatioanl guidance, Universities in Wuhan 学位论文原创性声明与版权使用授权书学位论文原创性声明与版权使用授权书 中南民族大学中南民族大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权中南民族大学可以将本学位论文的全部