The Object Clause (Revision)The Object Clause(宾语从句) (Revision一)宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合 句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的 一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在 全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语句 当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目 ，其主要的 考试形式出现在“选择填空和改写句子”中 宾语从句在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾 语，如： I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. n 主句引导词从句宾语由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which，what 和疑问副词 where, when, why,how 引导的宾语从句由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. I hear (that) _. 2. （一小时后他会回来）3. He said (that) _. 4. （他非常想念我们） 3. I am sure (that) .（他会成功）he will be back in an hourhe missed us very muchhe will succeed注：陈述句用that引导。that只有语法作用，没有实 在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.（二）由疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which和疑问副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些疑问代 词和疑问副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分 。例如：nDo you know who (whom) they are waiting for?nHe asked whose handwriting was the best.nCan you tell me where the bus stop is?nI dont know why the train is late.1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁）3. Can you tell me _ . （他在哪儿）4. Could you tell me _ . （我该怎么去车站）5. Would you tell me _.（为什么火车迟到了）who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting forwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is late练习（三）由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.e.g. 1. I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _. （他是否能来）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can comewhether it is going to rain or not（一般疑问句用whether或if引导）注意：当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether 而不能用if.注意以下情况只用whether，不用 if。1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直 接连用。如： 正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导 。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 误： If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如： 正： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后 ，作介词的宾语。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings. if既能引导条件状语从句，又能引导宾语从 句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。 如：nI wont go if it rains tomorrow，（条件状语从句）nI dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）if表示“如果，要是”if表示“是否”小结:1.that 引导的宾语从句 2.疑问词引导的宾语从句 3.if/whether引导的宾语从句二. 宾语从句的语序nI think (that) you will like this school soon.nCan you tell me how I can get to the zoo?nPlease tell me when well have the meeting.宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：（三）宾语从句的时态注 意 ：I think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?1、当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句 的时态不受影响。例如：注 意：例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He said that he would go back to theU.S.A. soon. He asked if you had written to Peter.2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从 句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现 象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用 。e.g.nThe teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.He said that light travels much faster than sound. 一般现在时Exercise： 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2)Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.thatwerethattravels3)Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 4)Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.ifareplayingwhether he hadfinishedhisn主句为一般过去时态，从句的时态变化 情况：从句由原来 变为 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去进行时一、三类词引导的宾语从句：二、宾语从句的语序 三、宾语从句的时态 四、还有几种注意事项从属连词that 疑问词：8个“W”,1个“H” 从属连词whether/ifn1.Finish the exercises on the paper.n2.Review the main points of this lesson 3.Rewiew“direct speech（直接引语） and（indirect speech）间接引语” 板书： 复合句：主句+从句（一个或一个以上） 一.宾语从句：宾语由句子充当 1.that引导的宾语从句，引导陈述句，that可省略 2.连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where,why,when,how引导的宾语 从句 3.从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,引导一般疑问句4.注意:（1）whether or/or not（2）句首用whether（3）whether +to do （4）介词+whether 5.If的两种含义（1）引导宾语从句：是否（2）引导状语从句：如果，要是 二.宾语从句的语序：用陈述语序 三、宾语从句的时态 1.主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受影响 2.主句是一般过去时，从句用相对应的过去时态，即从句原来 变为一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 现在完成时 3.若宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一 般现在时。 5)How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture? 6)Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?h