泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌 ACCAACCA F2F2 考试复习重点整理考试复习重点整理 F2F2管理会计管理会计ACCA F2 考试复习重点整理 管理会计1.Target cost= target selling price target profit = market price desired profitmargin.2. cost gap= estimated cost target cost.3. TQM :preventing costsappraisal costsinternal failure costsexternal failure cost4. Alternative costing principle:ABC(activity based costing)泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌Target costingLife cycleTQM5. Laspeyre6. Paashe price index7. Fisher8. Time series:trendseasonal variation: 加法模型 sum to zero; 乘法模型 sum to 4cyclical variationrandom variation泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌9. pricipal budget factor 关键预算因子：be limited the activities10. budget purpose :communicationcoordinationcompel the planmotivative employeesresource allocation11. Budget committee 的功能：coordinated administration12. Budget : function budget master budget : 1. P 2. B/S ; 3. Cash Flow13. Fixed Budget: 不是在于固不固定， 而是基于一个业务量的考虑， financail expression.Flexible Budget: 包含了固定成本和变动成本，并且变动成本的变化是随着业务量的变化而改变。泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌14. Flexible Budget 的优点：recognize different cost behavior.improve quality and a comparison of like with likehelp managers to forecast cost, revenue and profit.15. Flexible Budget 的缺点：假设太简单。需要更多的时间准备预算编制。16. Controllable cost is a “cost which can be influenced by ” its budget holder. 大部分的变动成本是可控的，non-controllable cost 为 inflation.17. Budget Behavior :participate approach泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌imposed budget18. payback 投资回收期的缺点：ignore profitabilitythe time value of money is ignored没有考虑项目后期带来的经济利益arbitray 武断19. payback 投资回收期的优点：easy to calculatewidely useminimize the effect of the risk and help liqidity 如果在算投资回收期的时候，发生折旧，则需要加回折旧，因为折旧是非现金项目。泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌20.(1+ real interst rate)*(1+inflation rate) = ( 1+ nominal interest rate)21. NPV = present value of future net cash flow present value of initial cost22. 永续年金=A/i23.每年的汇报是相同的就查看年金现值系数表，不同的就查看年金系数表。24.EAR=CAR=APR=(1+r/n)n 1 有效年利率25.IRRbased on cash flow analysis)IRR cost of capital, NPV 0, worth takingIRR cost of capital, NPV 0, not worthwhile.26.ARR=average profit/ average investment (ARR 是基于 profit)Average investment = (initial investment residual value)/227. type of standard:泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌basic standardcurrent standardideal standardattainable standard28.Variance1Material Variancetotal material variance= standard cost actual costmaterial price variance= (standard price actual price )* actual quantity material usage variance=(standard usage of actual output- actual usage) *standard price.2Direct Labor Variancestandard pay actual pay泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌Labor rate variances= (standard rate actual rate) * actual hrs of actual output Labor efficiency variances= (standard hrs of actual outputactual hrs) *standard rate3Variable production overhead variancesTotal variable O.H. variance = standard cost actual costVariable O.H. expenditure variance = (standard rate actual rate) * actual hrsVariable O.H. efficiency variance = (standard hrs of actual output actual hrs) *standard rate4Fixed O.H. expenditure varianceFixed O.H. Expenditure variance= budget expenditure actual expenditureFixed O.H. volume = (actual output - budgeted volume) * standard hrs per unit *standard rate per hr.泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌Capacity variance= (actual hrs worked budgeted hrs worked) * standard rate perhrEfficiency variance= (standard hrs worked for actual output actual hrs worked)*standard rate per hr+：Fixed O.H. total variance= fixed O.H. absorbed actual expenditure5Sales varianceSales price variances = (actual price budget price) * actual sales unitsSales volume variances = (actual sales units budget sales units) * standard profitper unit (absorption)Sales volume variances = (actual sales units budget sales units) * standard CPU(marginal costing)6Idle time variancesIdle time variance = (expected idle time actual idle time)* adjusted hr rate泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌29. The elements of a mission statement including:PurposeStrategyPolicies and standards of behaviorValues and culture30. A critical success factor is a performance requirement that is fundamental tocompetitive success.31. Profitability ratiosReturn on capital employed (ROCE) =profit before interest and tax /(shareholdersfunds+ long-term liabilities) 100%Return on equity (ROE)=profit after tax / shareholders funds 100%Asset turnover=sales/ capital employed 100%=sales/(shareholders funds+long-term liabilities) 100%泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌Profit margin= profit before interest and tax / sales 100%Profit margin asset turnover = ROCE32. Debt and gearing ratiosDebt-to-equity ratio=long-term liabilities / total equity 100%Interest cover=PBIT/ Interest 100%33. Liquidity ratiosCurrent ratio =current assets/ current liabilitiesQuick ratio ( acid test ratio)=current assets minus inventory / current liabilities34. Working capital ratiosInventory days= average inventory *365 / cost of salesReceivables days= average trade receivables * 365 / sales泽稷网校-财务金融证书在线教育领导品牌Payables days= average trade payables *365 /