1 0 哥白尼日心说：(opposite to “ Earth-centric Theory”)Copernicus theory of heliocentricism is sure to be a great achievement in astronomy, however, his great discovery contradicted the traditional and in-powered theological canon which dictated geocentricism , his book was censored and prohibited from the general public, it was not until several years published in other countries did Copernicus first express his ideas to populace. 利用点：兴趣爱好与成功； 质疑权威社会才会前进和发展；真理一开始都是令人难以容忍的，或者至少是令人不快的，而且都是在反对当时的权威思想。Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-SARS 肺炎： pneumonia 流行病： epidemic 利用点：政治家的修养和道德，政府和人民，科技和医学，人类发展，科研资料共享与研究互动，还有合作。太多了阿基米德Archimedes Greek mathematician, engineer, and physicist. Among the most important intellectual figures of antiquity古老古代 , he discovered formulas for the area and volume of various geometric figures, applied geometry to hydrostatics流体静力学and mechanics, devised numerous ingenious mechanisms, such as the Archimedean screw, and discovered the principle of buoyancy浮力 ,漂浮性 . 利用点：通才与专才，从小的兴趣影响，科学的偶然发现Bill Gates When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to study in the worlds No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with itsoperating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world. 利用点：自学成才利用点：失败是成功之母As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filled with peoplewho used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping atones to n2 ew ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled onto the idea of interplanetary星际的， 行星间的 gravitybecause of assumptions which were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb. We can learn fromthe experience of these predecessors that sometimes a series of apparentfailures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works. “ 星球大战 ” 防御计划：错误的政府决策The so- called “ Star War” defense initiative, championed by Reagan里根（姓氏） administration during the 1980s. In retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars; and few would disputethat exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative could have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems of the day. As it turns out, at the end of the Star War s debacle崩溃 , 溃裂 we were left withrampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budget deficit. 加拿大电影工业：Canada s film industry, which is heavily subsidized by Canadian government, and which provides countless jobs for film-industry workers as a result. The Canadian government also provides various incentives for American production companies to film and produce their movies in Canada. Theseincentives have sparked a boon for the Canadian economy, thereby stimulating job growth and wealth that can be applied toward education, job training, and social programs. “ 非主流 ” 的影响：正面：One such need involves our common experience as humans that we freely make our own decisions and choices in life and therefore carry some responsibility for their consequences. Faced with infinite choices, we experience uncertainty, insecurity, and confusion; and we feel remorse, regret, and guilt when in retrospect our choices turn out to be poor ones. Understandably, to prevent these bad feelings many people try to shift the burden of * difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outsi3 de themselvesby relying on the starts or on a stack of tarot cards for guidance. 负面： Without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy of these avenues大街；林荫大道of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception欺骗, false hopes, fantastic ideas, and even delusions错觉 . On a personal level, stubborn adherence to irrational beliefs in the face of reason and empirical evidence can lead to self-righteous arrogance傲慢 , intolerance, anti-social behavior, and even hatred. On a societal level these traits have lead alltoo often to holly wars, and to such other atrocities凶恶，残暴as genocide种族灭绝 and mass persecution迫害 . 理想主义的作用：商业：Admittedly, the everyday machinations of business are very such about meeting short-term goals. Yet underpinning支持；证实these activities is the vision of the company s CEO -a vision that might extend far beyond mere profit maximization to the ways in which the firm can make a lasting and meaningful contribution to the community, to the broader economy,and to the society as a whole. Without a dream or vision that is, without strong idealist leadershipa firm can easily be cast about in the sea of commerce without clear direction. 政治： It is idealist not pragmatistswho sway the masses, incite revolutions, and m