z抗体的免疫反应是现今已知的最精妙 复杂的身体抵御外部物质的系统。入 侵物称作抗原，由于蛋白质和糖类等 任何物质都可以成为抗原，抗原的形 式是无限的。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.z抗体可与抗原选择性的反应，由于DNA 中的遗传信息控制蛋白质合成，一个生 物体有必要包含所有抗体的信息吗? 是 否是由几十亿条遗传信息合成几十亿种 抗体来抵抗几十亿种抗原? 人类仅有几 万基因，容不下如此巨大的数量。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.与抗体有关的诺贝尔奖获得者1901von Bering血清治疗疗1908Ehrlich & Metchnikoff抗体生成、吞噬1972Edelman & Poter抗体分子结结构1977Yalow放射免疫测测定1984Koler,Milstein & Jerne单单克隆抗体1987TonegawaIg基因结结构Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.抗抗 体体 （AntibodyAntibody）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第一节第一节 免疫球蛋白与抗体免疫球蛋白与抗体Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.抗体是抗体是B B细胞受抗原刺激后细胞受抗原刺激后, ,增殖分化为浆细胞所产生增殖分化为浆细胞所产生的一种能与相应抗原结合、具有免疫功能的球蛋白。的一种能与相应抗原结合、具有免疫功能的球蛋白。1、抗体（antibody, Ab)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室2、免疫球蛋白 (immunoglobulin，Ig)是指存在于人和动物血液（血清） 组织液及其它分泌液中的一类具有 相似结构的球蛋白。依据化学结构和抗原性的差异，免 疫球蛋白可分为IgG、IgM、IgA、 IgE和IgDEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室电泳分为四个部分: 白蛋白(albumin)、-球蛋白、-球蛋白、-球蛋白。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫球蛋白是化学结构上的概念抗体是生物学功能上的概念抗体都是免疫球蛋白并非所有的免疫球蛋白都是抗体 (比如 membrane surface immunoglobulin ,SmIg)3. Ab与Ig的区别Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室第二节 免疫球蛋白的结构Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室一、基本结构所有种类免疫球蛋白的单体分子结 构都是相似的，即是由两条相同的重 链和两条相同的轻链四条肽链经二硫 键连接构成的字形分子。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(一)重链与轻链重链（heavy chain) 简称H链：分子量5575ku，由420-440个氨基酸组成。根据重链抗原性的不同，可将其分为、 、五种，据此将免疫球蛋白分为五类，分别为： IgA 、 IgG IgG 、 IgM IgM 、 IgD IgD 、 IgE IgE 。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室(一)重链与轻链轻链（light chain）简称 L链：分子量22.5ku ，由213-214个氨基酸组成。可分为链及链两种。天然Ig分子中，重链同类，轻链同型， 因此我们可以将Ig分为五类十型。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室(二)可变区与恒定区可变区（可变区（variable variable regionregion）简称）简称V V区，区，位于位于L L链链靠近靠近NN端的端的1/21/2和和HH链的链的1/41/4，这个区段的氨基酸，这个区段的氨基酸组成及排列顺序是可以变化的。组成及排列顺序是可以变化的。恒定区（恒定区（Constant Constant regionregion）简称）简称C C区，区，位于位于L L链链靠近靠近C C端的端的1/21/2和和HH链靠近链靠近C C端的端的3/43/4区域，这一区域，这一区域的氨基酸组成和排列顺序比较稳定，所以叫区域的氨基酸组成和排列顺序比较稳定，所以叫 恒定区。恒定区。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.免疫学教研室Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli