家兔的外形与内部解剖实验六Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、实验目的u通过对家兔外形和内部构造的观察，了解哺乳类的一般特征和进步性特征。u学习哺乳类动物的一般解剖方法。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、材料和用品l解剖盘、解剖刀、手术剪、注射器、酒精棉球等l活家兔（4人1组，每个班分为8组）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、实验内容uu家兔的外形观察家兔的外形观察uu家兔的内部解剖家兔的内部解剖Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（一）家兔的外形观察（一）家兔的外形观察兔全身被毛。体分头、颈、躯干、四肢和尾等5部分。头 呈长圆形。口周围有触须；眼位于头两侧；眼后有1对长的外耳壳。口缘有肉质的上下唇，兔唇。颈 头后有明显的颈部，但较短。躯干 可分胸部和腹部。胸、腹部以体侧最后一根肋骨为界。雌兔腹部的3-5对乳头；肛门和泄殖孔位于尾根下方，肛门靠后，泄殖孔靠前。雌兔的泄殖孔纵裂状，称阴门，雄兔的泄殖孔位于阴茎顶端，开口较小。成年雄兔肛门两侧有1对明显的阴囊。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.头部颈部躯干部四肢四肢 出现了肘和膝。前肢短小，肘部向后弯曲，具5指；后肢较长，膝部向前弯曲，具4趾，第一趾退化。尾 短小，位于躯干末端。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.（二）家兔的内部解剖与观察（二）家兔的内部解剖与观察1.1.处死：处死：空气栓塞法，在兔子外耳耳缘静脉注射空气栓塞法，在兔子外耳耳缘静脉注射10 20 ml10 20 ml空气空气注意从耳缘静脉注意从耳缘静脉 的远端开始注射的远端开始注射Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2.2.解剖解剖（1）把已处死的家兔放在解剖盘上，腹部向上，展开四肢，然后用水湿润腹中线的毛，用剪刀剪掉毛，露出皮肤，从外生殖器前缘向前剪开腹壁，直到下颌。（2）从下颌向左右剪到耳根。（3）剪开颈部以下的肌肉，并打开胸腔。用骨剪剪开肋骨，除去胸骨即可观察胸腔内的内部构造。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3.3.观察观察消化系统消化系统口腔：口腔：家兔齿室家兔齿室2 2（2033/10332033/1033）=30=30口腔的前壁为上下唇，两侧壁是颊部，上壁是腭，下壁为口腔底。位于最前端的2对长而呈凿状的牙为门牙；后面各有3对短而宽且具有磨面的前臼齿和臼齿。 在口腔顶部的前端，用手可摸到硬腭；后端则为软腭。口腔底部有发达的肉质唇。舌的表面有许多小乳头。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.咽：咽：软腭后方的腔软腭后方的腔食管：食管：1 1条直管条直管胃：胃：囊状，其上具有狭长暗红褐色的脾脏囊状，其上具有狭长暗红褐色的脾脏小肠：小肠：十二指肠（十二指肠（U U形弯曲）、空肠、回肠形弯曲）、空肠、回肠大肠：大肠：结肠、直肠结肠、直肠盲肠：盲肠：大小肠交界处，表面有横沟纹，游离端称蚓突大小肠交界处，表面有横沟纹，游离端称蚓突消化腺：消化腺：肝脏（红褐色，肝脏（红褐色，6 6叶）、胰脏（十二指肠弯曲叶）、胰脏（十二指肠弯曲处的系膜上）处的系膜上）Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.肠管的前端细而盘旋的部分为小肠；后段为大肠。小肠又分为十二指肠、空肠和回肠；大肠则分结肠和直肠。小肠和大肠交界处有盲肠。十二指肠在胃的幽门之后，弯折并向右行，接近肝脏的一侧有总肝管注入。在其对侧有胰管注入。空肠和回肠在外观上没有明显的界限。十二指肠后端为空肠，再后为回肠。盲肠是介于小肠和大肠交界处的盲囊。草食性动物的盲肠较发达，肉食性动物则退化。大肠的最后端为很短的直肠，直肠开口于肛门。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.膀胱膀胱Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.呼吸系统呼吸系