英语语句子重“形合”特征的体现现长长安区第四中学李小军军 lead-in (Brainstorm)天净净沙秋思 马马致远远枯藤老树树昏鸦鸦，小桥桥流水人家，古道西风风瘦马马。夕阳西下，断肠肠人在天涯。 Analysis这这首词词了了数笔，不用一个动词动词 ， 仅仅通过过几个意象的简单罗简单罗 列便使一幅幅意 境深远远的画面跃跃然纸纸上，语语句的简练简练 达到 了极致。这这首词词充分利用了汉语汉语 的意合手 法。汉语汉语 “意合”指的是凭借意义义，即内在的 逻辑逻辑 关系组织语组织语 言的手段。对对句子的理解 ， 要依赖读赖读 者的语语感、经验经验 和语语境。 Translation1、妈妈妈妈 生病了，我必须须待在家中。My mother was ill ，so I had to stay at home 2 、努力学的话话，我们们就会上大学。If we study hard，we will go to university Analysis英语语属于印欧语语系，是非常重视结视结 构 上的完整和表达的科学性、逻辑逻辑 性。英语语 是重“形合”类语类语 言，即就是通过过明显显的形 式标记标记 （包括词词的变变化形态态，词汇词汇 的衔衔接 等）把个体的词组织词组织 成语语句乃至语语篇的语语 言组织组织 手段。句中所指定界分明，句子成 分组织严组织严 密，主从句脉络络清晰。 Conclusion汉语汉语 是重意合类语类语 言英语语 是重形合类语类语 言英语语句子重“形合”特征的体现现？英语语的句子的类类型（按结结 构）:简单句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (complex sentence) Task one英语语句子重“形合”特征 在简单简单 句中是怎样样体现现的 呢？(一).简单句: 只有一个一个主语(或并列主语) 和一个一个谓语(或并列谓语):.Tom likes rock music.Tom and John are fond ofrock music.Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework. Group work 请说出下列句子类型请说出下列句子类型: :1.Summer is coming1.Summer is coming. . 2.They wont let me go.2.They wont let me go. 3.He showed me a new TV set3.He showed me a new TV set. . 4.She knows French.4.She knows French. 5.The gas smells terrible.5.The gas smells terrible.S+Vi S+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2 S+V+OS+V+P6. _We are having an English class.Mr Wang will attend the lecture. 7. _I teach you English.He offered me his seat. 8. _We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.I heard them cheering in the next room.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O)主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) Conclusion one简单简单 句“形合性” 体现为现为 ：句子的基本结结构必须须完整1）、主语+谓语 The rain stopped. 2）、主语+系动词+表语 We are students.3）、主语+谓语+宾语 They like English. 4）、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语） He gave me a beautiful gift=He gave a beautiful gift to me. 5）、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（复合宾语）We must keep the classroom clean. Task two英语语句子重“形合”特征 在并列句中是怎样样体现现的 呢？(二)并列句(compound sentence):把两个或几个简单句用 并列连词或分号连 接起来，则成为一个并列 句。常用并列连词 平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:and, both.and., not only. but also.,neither. nor. but,while,yetfor, soor, Group work 请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个 并列句。并列句。 1.He was tired. He went to bed.1.He was tired. He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful.2.The dress is really beautiful.I cant afford it. I cant afford it. He was tired, so he went to bed.The dress is really beautiful, but I cant afford it.3. Mary is cooking.John is greeting guests.Mary is cooking ,and / while John is greeting guests.4.He works hard. He also likes helping others. 1. He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.2.Not only doesdoes he workwork hard but he also likes helping others. Conclusion two并列句“形合性” 体现为现为 ：1、各分句的句子基本结构必须完整2、各分句之间必须有连接词连接 Task three英语语句子重“形合”特征 在复合句中是怎样样体现现的 呢？(三）复合句:主句+从句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1._2._3._主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句同位语从句名词性从句定语从句 状语从句By the time he arrived,1 we had already left.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句:从句主句指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right. vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in. vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句状语从句定语从 句vIt is well-known that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held on August 8th.vAs is known to all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.主语从句定语从 句I want to live in a place where the air is fresh.I want to live where the air is fresh.定语从句状语从句请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句 复合句。 vIll give the letter to him .I see him.(时间状语从句)vIll give the letter to him when I see him. as soon as the moment the minute immediatelyIt is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (结果状语从句) It is such a big box that nobody can move it. Such a big box is itis it that nobody can move it. It is so bigso big a box that nobody can move it.The dress is beautiful. I cant afford it. (让步状语 从句)Although /Though the dress is beautiful, I cant afford it.Beautiful Beautiful as the dress the dress isis, I cant afford it. Conclusion three复合句“形合性” 体现为现为 ：1、主句和从句的句子基本结构必须 完整 2、主从句句之间必须有连接词或关 系词连接 Final conclusion 英语语句子重“形合”特征体现为现为 ：1、简单简单 句“形合性”的体现现：句子的基本结结构必须须完整 2、并列句“形合性”的体现现各分句的句子基本结结构必须须完整各分句之间间必须须有连连接词词连连接 3、复合句“形合性”的体现现主从句的句子基本结结构必须须完整主从句之间间必须须有连连接词词或关系词词连连接Thank you