第三章中华人民共和国国家标准建筑结构制图标准 GB/T 501052001Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3.1 结构施工图n概述 房屋主要是由基础、墙、柱、梁、楼 板和屋面板（屋盖）等组成。他们组成房 屋的骨架，承受各种外力和载荷。这种骨 架称为房屋的结构。组成骨架的梁、柱、 板等称为构件。表达承重构件的类型、形状、材料、 大小及平面布置的图样称为结构施工图。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.n结构施工图主要包括： 1、基础图（包括基础平面图和基础断面详图）； 2、楼层（楼盖）结构布置平面图； 3、梁、板、柱等钢筋混凝土构件配筋图。 一、基础图 1、什么是基础 2、基础的形式 3、有关基础的几个名词 4、基础平面图的形成及作用 5、基础平面图的内容及阅读 6、基础断面图Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、楼层结构布置平面图 1、楼层结构布置平面图的形成 2、作用：表明每层的梁、柱、板、墙等承 重构件的平面布置情况或现浇楼板的构造 与配筋情况以及这些构件之间的结构关系 。 3、楼盖的类型 (1)预制楼板； (2)现浇楼板 4、看预制楼盖结构布置平面图应弄清楚以 下问题： (1)构件代号的含义；Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.结构施工图中，构件用代号标注，代 号是用构件名称的第一个拼音字母表示。 各种构件的代号如下：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.(2)预制板代号的含义(类型及尺寸大小）7YKB3362数量 （7块）预应力空心板 跨度（长） 3300mm板宽600mm荷载等级Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.7Y-KB36-3A跨度（长） 3600mm在荷能力代号 （分A、B、C、D） A=1.5Kpa；B=2.0Kpa； C=2.5Kpa；D=3.0Kpa广州地区的编法宽度代号（分1、2、3）11200；2600；3500Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.5、现浇楼板钢筋布置图n 现浇楼面一般要表明：支撑楼面的墙及其 轴线，现浇梁的位置及其支撑情况，现浇 梁的配筋情况。平面图上把每一种钢筋躺 平画出，并注明间距。n钢筋的布置位置及弯钩的方向：下层钢筋上层钢筋Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3.2 钢筋混凝土结构图 3.2.1 概述 一、混凝土：由水泥、砂子、石子和水按一 定比例配合拌制，经养护硬化而成的建筑 材料，称为混凝土。 混凝土的强度等级：C15、C20、C25、C30 、C35、C40、C45、C50、C55、C60、 C65、C70、C75、C80 二、钢筋混凝土：在混凝土中配置一定数量 的钢筋，使其与混疑土结合成为一个整体 ，共同承受外力。这种配有钢筋的混凝土 称为钢筋混凝土。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、钢筋混凝土构件 预制：如果构件是预先制好，然后运到工地安装的 ，称为预制钢筋混凝土构件； 现浇：如果构件是在现场直搔浇制的，称为现浇钢 筋混凝土构件； 预应力：有些构件，制作时先对混凝土预加一定的 压力，以提高构件的强度和抗裂性性能，这种构件 称为预应力钢筋混凝土构件。 四、钢筋混凝土结构图：表示钢筋混凝土构件的图样 称为钢筋混凝土结构图。1、模板图：主要表明构件的形状和大小；2、钢筋布置图：主要表明这类结构物中钢筋的配 置情况。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.3.2.2 钢筋的基本知识 一、钢筋的分类 按其作用分：1、受力钢筋 2、钢箍（箍筋） 3、架立钢筋 4、分布钢筋