智 课 网 G M A T 备 考 资料2015-08-08最新更新GMAT阅读机经-智课教育智课教育2015-08-08最新更新GMAT阅读机经 19.美国经济大萧条(残狗/待确认) 【原始】 V1是讲一个社会问题。1920年后美国经济大萧条，很多homema ker activism。一共三个paragraph。 第一个是说这个theory 背景还是什么的，之后说什么Union 男的b lah忘了，最后一个说的是，很多女性也参与了，可能是因为她们以前 上过班，参加过Union，了解这个rent should be controlled similar to wages - linking to the bigger economy. V2问题这个东西和接触Union有没有关系，女性为何组织这个, answer貌似是因为她们知道这和bigger economy有关。其他的题目忘了。 V3 机经美国经济大萧条 homemaker activism的阅读。具体内容不太记得了，但是题目不难， 内容讲的也是男女歧视，homemaking这些的，虽然说和寂静不太 一样，但是内容高度相关，可以熟悉一下。 Passage 49 (49/63)(OG-31)Historians of womens labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workerswomen earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk (salesclerk: n.商店里的店员), domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “womens work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect (in effect: in substance: VIRTUALLY “the T committee agreed to what was in effect a reduction in the hourly wage Current Biography”). Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wagelabor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace. To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying womens employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature (by nature: adv.生来) skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that womens “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as “female.”More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as “female.” employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master. 1. According to the passage, job segregation by sex in the United States was(A) greatly diminished by labor mobilization during the Second World War (B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of womens employment in wage labor (C) one means by which women achieved greater job security (D) reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious(B) (E) a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry 2. According to the passage, historians of womens labor focused on factory work as a more promising area of research than service-sector work because factory work (A) involved the payment of higher wages (B) required skill in detailed tasks (C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex segregation (D) was more readily accepted by women than by men(C) (E) fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism better3. It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of womens labor in the United States paid little attention to womens employment in the service sector of the economy because (A) the extreme variety of these occupations made it very difficult to assemble meaningful statistics about them (B) fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work (C) the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector (D) womens employment in the service sector tended to be much more short-term than in factory work(E) (E) employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the early mill owners mentioned in the second paragraph? (A) They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive “female” jobs they would discourage women from losing interest in marriage and family life. (B) They sought to increase the size of the available labor force as a means to keep mens wages low. (C) They argued that women were inherently suited to do well