第 4 讲 数据库技术基础 华中科技大学 网络与计算机中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.网络与计算中心目前数据处理成为 计算机应用的主要方面我们是如何使用数据的？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.网络与计算中心3引例单击提交按钮后发生了什么？1.将用户的选择写入已定义好的数据库表中2.从表中读取数据，分别统计出,B,C,D选项所 占比例。3.将统计结果显示在页面上n个学生答案统 计到数据库中Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.网络与计算中心引例人数150人应用程度20人没接触 2人会简单程序设计教学方式120人多媒体兴趣100人感兴趣向学生反馈结果任课老师了解情况2012级电子专业调查情况教务处制定教学计划n个学生答案统 计到数据库中2010年 2011年 2012年新生人数5418人5520人5350人没接触比 例70%82%95%证书比例1%2%4%难度适中 比例75%60%40%多媒体教 学45%56%95%Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.网络与计算中心数据库系统技术：是数据管理技术发展的最新研究成果。显然数据处理的中心问题是数据管理。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.从这门课中我们将学到什么？从这门课中我们将学到什么？什么是数据库技术？What?12数据库能做什么？Why？如何设计和使用数据库？How？ 3网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.1.数据库能做什么？p存储大量数据，并可以增加、删除和修改。p快速地对数据进行检索、排序、分析、汇总 并报告结果。网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.数据库能做什么？-高考数据分析应用实例p比如，大家都知道每年各省都公示一分一段 数据，那么我们如何实现呢?数据的存储用各门课成绩求总分求出一分一段结果网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.高考数据分析：数据的存储p数据量：2011年全国933万，湖北48.5万Excel2003:列数最多256列行数最多 65536行p数据库存储：关系数据库，二维表p假如每个考生的信息如下：考号、姓名、性别、类别、语文、数学、外语、综 合，类别分为文理科网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.高考数据分析：数据的存储所有考生的数据就构成一个二维表，如下 ：网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.高考数据分析：求每个人的总分Access中可以用一条语句实现 ：SELECT 考号, 类别, 语文+数学 +外语+综合 AS 总分 INTO aaaFROM 高考成绩表;网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.高考数据分析：求出一分一段结果p然后，在使用如下命令对上面的表进行统计。SELECT 总分, count(*) AS 人数FROM aaaWHERE 类别=1GROUP BY 总分ORDER BY 总分 DESC;网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第四章 数据库技术基础4.1 数据库系统的基本概念4.2 数据模型4.3 Select语句的基本应用4.4 ACCESS数据库Title in here3Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 了解了解数据数据、信息处理信息处理的概念。的概念。 了解了解数据库数据库、数据库管理系统数据库管理系统及其功能及其功能。 了解数据库系统的了解数据库系统的组成组成。4.1 数据库系统的基本概念网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.245.78 礼貌 aBkWG 4.1.1 数据、信息和数据处理 什么是数据（Data）?定义：描述事物的符号种类：数字、文字、图 形、图像、声音网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 什么是信息（Information）?信息是有一定含义的、经过加工处理的、有价值的数据。4.1.1 数据、信息和数据处理18是什么？数据信息 表现形式载体网络与计算中心Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyri