第十一讲第十一讲 词的省译词的省译东华大学外语学院东华大学外语学院词语省译须遵循三条原则：（1）在译文中看来是可有可无或是多余的词语； （2）其意思已包含在上下文里； （3）其含义在译文中是不言而喻的。一、原文中重复出现的词语汉语为了讲究句子的平衡、气势和 韵调，常使用排比、对仗、重复等修辞 手段，英语则不然。翻译时，汉语原文 中意义重复的词语只译出其中之一即可 。1. 我们从事了十多年英语教学，教学质量高，教学经 验丰富，在世界各地有成功办学的范例。We have over ten years of experience in teaching quality English and have successfully managed schools in different parts of the world.2. 台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are of the same flesh and blood.3. 生也好，死也好，我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠 于祖国。Live or die, we should be loyal to our Party, (to) our people and (to) our motherland.4. 新中国的成立，标志着中华民族实现了空前的 大团结。The foundation of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 marked an unprecedented great unity of the Chinese nation. 5. 惊天动地的事业an earth-shaking task （程镇球）6. 呼风唤雨，推涛作浪 summon the storm and churn the waves7. 牛鬼蛇神与麟凤龟龙并长 ghosts and monsters appearing together with the unicorn and phoenix二、原文中表示范畴的词语汉语里有一些名词，常用来表示范 畴，如“任务”、“工作”、“情况”、“状态” 、“问题”、“制度”、“事业”和“局面”等。 当这些词有具体含义时，应照译；当它 们表示范畴时，应省译。1. 这个问题已经有近一个半世纪的历史。This problem has lasted a century and a half.2. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation. 3. 我们就把这个方法建立在更加自觉的基础之上了 。 we employed this method much more consciously.(by 程镇球) 4. 我们党结束了那个时期社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面 。Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time. （*）5. 在工作中，大家都必须杜绝浪费现象。We must put an end to waste in our work.6. ,第二就看建社以后的整顿工作是不是做得好。 , secondly, on how well the check-up is carried out afterwards.7. 我国社会主义建设事业和它的成就Chinas socialist construction and its achievements8. 现时农业生产合作社的发展状况 the present development of the agricultural producers cooperative9. , 本来有群众的积极性、互助组的普遍 存在和党的领导力量这些成熟的条件， Although the conditions are already ripe, such as the masses enthusiasm, the widespread presence of mutual-aid and the leadership of the Party三、有可能给译文修辞效果带来负面 影响的词语汉语中，为了使语言生动简练，常 以具体形象作比喻，或使用成语；有时 为了加强语气，连续使用几个短句。在 翻译这类句子时，有些词或省译，或简 化处理。不然，译文会拖泥带水，松散 无力，失掉原文的修辞效果。桂林公园里阵阵桂香扑鼻而来，满树金花 ，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪的银桂；红里透 黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似银的四季桂； 竞相开放，争妍媲美。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees. Flowers in different colors from these trees are in full bloom, which pervade the whole garden with fragrance of their blossoms.合并后的中山大学共设三个校区：广州 南校区（原中山大学）、广州北校区（原中 山医科大学）和珠海校区，分别坐落在珠江 两岸和南海之滨，总面积达5.04平方公里。 广州南北两个校区树木葱茏，绿草如茵，红 墙碧瓦，曲径通幽；珠海校区依山面海，景 色怡人，均是不可多得的读书治学的胜境。The university has three campuses, which cover a total area of 5.04 square kilometers. Guangzhou South Campus (formerly Sun Yat-sen University Campus) and Guangzhou North Campus (campus of the former Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences) are located south and north of the Pearl River, while the new campus in Zhuhai lies to the west of the South China Sea. All three are beautiful campuses with avenues of green trees and patches of lush grass, providing pleasant environments for study and research. - 张美芳 译四、中文里强调的意义如果在译文中已经有 了，就不应把每个形容词或副词都译出。Adjectives, then, ought to be good friends of the noun. In fact, as has been said, they have become its enemies. 例如：广泛开展，深入批判，切实采取，严肃处理，大力整顿，紧密联系，热烈拥护， 胜利完成1.不切实际的幻想 illusion2. , 又处在人民革命的伟大历史时期， , what is more, it finds itself in a historic period of peoples revolution.3. 这些道理，广大人民群众是懂得的。 All this is well understood by the masses.4. 把错误思想彻底肃清。rid him of his wrong ideas.5. 这一些均在铁的事实面前彻底破产了 have all been exploded in the face of hard facts.6. 善于把三大运动很好地结合起来be good at integrating the three revolutionary movements7. 把A与B紧密结合起来to integrate A and B8. 广泛地普及科学文化知识popularize science and technology五、汉语中，有些词是行文时的一种语气， 并无特别强调之意；把上下文联系起来看的 话，译文中已包含强调意义；原文里强调的 词过多，如一律照译，会削弱原意。在这些 情况下，汉语里的修饰语应省译。1. 进一步加强社会主义法制strengthen the socialist legal system2. 妄图把国务院和中央各部的工作搞瘫痪in an attempt to cripple its work and that of the central departments3. 认真开展这样一场革命斗争this revolutionary struggle waged to 4. 整顿好各方面的工作strengthen things out in every field of endeavor5. 重点抓好培育和推广良种with stress on cultivating and popularizing fine strains of seedThank you !