无机及分析化学实验湖北大学资源环境学院 康群Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.目录绪论实验1：基本操作练习及氢氧化钠溶液的 配置与标定实验2：氨盐中氮的测定实验3：EDTA标准溶液的配制与标定实验4：水中钙镁含量的测定实验5：高锰酸钾溶液的配置与标定实验6：过氧化氢含量的测定实验7：铁的标准曲线的测定实验8：总铁和亚铁的测定Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.无机及分析化学实验 一门相对独立的专业基础课一、课程简介 基本内容、目的、要求、评分标准二、教学方式三、误差和有效数字Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、课程简介课程类型：环境类专业必修学时学分：每周4学时8个实验共32学时2学分Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.教材和参考书1.无机化学实验(第二版)，北京师范 大学无机化学教研室编，高等教育出版 社，2000.2.无机化学 (第三版)，武汉大学、吉 林大学编，高等教育出版社，1994.3.无机及分析化学实验(第四版)，南 京大学编写组编著，高等教育出版社， 2006.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.目的培养学生严谨的科学态度和良好的实验 作风 训练学生正确掌握化学实验的基本方法 和技能。 引导学生仔细观察实验现象，熟悉元素 和化合物的基本性质，将感性认识与理 论知识进行关联，培养独立分析问题及 解决问题的能力 培养学生对化学的兴趣Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验内容基本操作训练主要任务，贯穿整个实验l树立正确的实验态度l具备良好的实验素养l掌握合理规范的基本实验技能Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.正确把握实验的三个环节要求预习实验过程实验报告查、看、写观察、记录、思考数据处理、现象解释 给出实验结果 提出问题并讨论Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.预习报告、实验记录和实验报告预习报告l实验目的、原理l对制备实验写出实验内容(步骤)，设计 好数据记录表格l对元素性质实验，设计包括实验步骤 、现象、反应方程式、解释、备注等 项目在内的表格Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验记录l边观察、边记录l尊重实验事实，如实记录实验现象及 数据l不要用铅笔记录l不得涂改实验记录，笔误可划掉重记Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.实验报告l进行数据处理l根据实验现象写出反应方程式并加以 解释l给出实验结果l提出问题并讨论l回答课后问题要求l买规定的实验预习、实验报告本，交 替使用Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.评分标准学习成绩由平时成绩与考试成绩 组成。考试成绩分为笔试与操作两部 分。平时成绩分为以下几个部分：预习l实验操作l实验报告l实验结果l纪律卫生 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.二、教学方式学生操作，教师辅导 每班30人左右，两位教师 每人一套仪器任课教师：康群Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.三、误差与有效数字误差 1.准确度、精密度、误差的概念准确度：实验结果与真实值(“标准值”或 “最佳值”)接近的程度精密度：几次平行测定结果相互接近的 程度误 差：表示准确度的高低 绝对误差和相对误差Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2. 误差产生的原因系统误差：方法、仪器和试剂、操作造成 大小、正负有一定规律 重复测定时重复出现 无法互相抵消 可以被发现并克服偶然误差：偶然因素造成 采取多次测量，取平均值的办 法来减小和消除Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.有效数字 1. 概念不仅表示量的大小，每位数都 有实际意义，位数表明测量精度， 由可靠的几位数字和可疑的最后一 位数字组成。“0”的含意Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.2. 有效数字的运算规则加法和减法 比较绝对误差乘法和除法 比较相对误差对数 对数的有效数字只由尾数部分