浠水实验高中 周新建Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.混合物的分离和提纯实验：粗盐的提纯自然界中的物质绝大多数是以混 合物的形式存在。为什么要进行分 离和提纯？你知道有什么方法吗？1、过滤和蒸发：步骤：溶解 过滤 蒸发F:课件化学实验粗盐的提纯02-视频.EXEEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.步 骤骤现现 象 1、2、3、溶 解过 滤蒸 发烧杯内为无色透明 溶液，滤纸有残物有白色晶体析出粗盐溶解有少量不 溶物粗盐的提纯：Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.过滤时应注意： 一贴：二低：三靠：是除去溶液里混有不溶于溶剂的杂质的方法。过滤将滤纸折叠好放入漏斗，加少量蒸馏水润湿，使滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁。滤纸边缘应略低于漏斗边缘，加入漏斗中液体的液面应略低于滤纸的边缘。向漏斗中倾倒液体时，烧杯的尖嘴应与玻璃棒接触；玻璃棒的底端应和过滤器有三层滤纸处轻轻接触；漏斗颈的末端应与烧杯的内壁相接触Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.利用溶解、过滤、蒸发过程得到的食盐是否纯净？为什么？ 怎样检验和除去所含杂质？结论：粗盐提纯时，将不溶性杂质 过滤除去后，可溶性杂质可通过较复杂的方法除去。思考与交流Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.NaCl （MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4 泥沙）水蒸发粗盐固体加水溶解悬浊液 NaCl （MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4 泥沙）NaCl MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4溶液过滤泥沙NaCl MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4固体NaCl 固体？Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.NaCl ( Mg2+ Ca2+ SO4 2- )NaCl MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.怎样检验所含杂质？选择什么试剂除去杂质？思考与交流思考与交流Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.BaCl2 溶液 NaOH溶液 Na2CO3溶液Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.物质分离和提纯的原则和注意事项1、基本原则：不增、不减、易分离、易复原 2、注意事项：除杂试剂需稍过量过量试剂须除去除去多种杂质时须考虑加入顺序Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.NaCl MgCl2 CaCl2 Na2SO4NaCl ( Mg2+ Ca2+ SO4 2- )NaCl ( Mg2+ Ca2+ Ba2+ ), BaSO4过量的BaCl2溶液NaCl ( Mg2+ (微量) CO32-), BaSO4 CaCO3 BaCO3 MgCO3 过量的Na2CO3溶液BaSO4 CaCO3 BaCO3 MgCO3 过量的NaOH溶液、过滤NaCl ( OH-、CO32-)过量的稀HCl、加热NaCl 溶液CO2蒸发Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.练习为了除去硝酸钾中硝酸钙、硫酸镁等杂质先 将其配成溶液然后先后加入 KOH、K2CO3、 Ba(NO3)2 、HNO3等试剂，再配以过滤、蒸发 结晶等操作制成纯净的KNO3晶体，则下列所 加试剂的顺序正确的是（ ）A、 K2CO3 、 Ba(NO3)2 、KOH、HNO3 B、 KOH、 K2CO3、 Ba(NO3)2 、HNO3 C、 Ba(NO3)2 、 KOH、HNO3 、 K2CO3 D、 Ba(NO3)2 、 KOH、K2CO3、 HNO3DEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.第二课时浠水实验高中 周新建Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.蒸馏对象：目的：如： 利用自来水制备蒸馏水 蒸馏：利用混合物中各组成成分的沸点 不同，用加热的方法将其分离的 过程。 沸点不同的液态混合物分离（或除去）难挥发 （或不挥发）的杂质。F:课件化学实验实验室制取蒸馏水.flvEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides