1Principles of Solid State ChemistrySelf- introductionXie Yi Nano- materials and Nano- chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences atMicroscale 05513603987yxieustc.edu.cnTextbooks and References 苏勉曾固体化学导论 钱逸泰结晶化学 A. Wold Solid State Chemistry A. R. West Solid State Chemistry B. G. Hyde and Sten Andersson Inorganic Crystal Structures， 1989 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Weller, M.T. Inorganic Materials Chemistry, 1994, Oxford Univ. Press.Mission of Solid State ChemistrySolid state chemistry is the science which study the preparation, composition, structure and properties of solid state matters (including materials) . The field of solid state chemistry is very wide. As an example, the paper scopes of J. Solid State Chem. involve chemistry of solid, structures, microstructures, properties and process of thermodynamics, electronics, magnetism, and optics, including theoretical and experimental studies.Modern Solid State Science and TechnologyModern Solid State Science and TechnologySolid State ChemistrySolid State PhysicsMaterials EngineeringSubatomic level Electronic structure of individual atoms that defines interaction among atoms (interatomic bonding).Atomic level Arrangement of atoms in materials (for the same atoms can have different properties, e.g. two forms of carbon: graphite and diamond) Microscopic structure Arrangement of small grains of material that can be identified by microscopy.Macroscopic structure Structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye.Structure2D simulation using Monte Carlo Potts model.2Phases of MatterPhases of matter: solid (well defined shape and volume) liquid (only well defined volume) gas (no defined shape or volume) plasma (an overall neutral collection of charged and neutral particles)Classification of SolidsThere are several forms solid state materials can adapt: Single Crystal Preferred for characterization of structure and properties. Polycrystalline Powder (Highly crystalline) Used for characterization when single crystal can not be easily obtained, preferred for industrial production and certain applications. Polycrystalline Powder (Large Surface Area) Desirable for further reactivity and certain applications such as catalysis and electrode materials Amorphous (Glass) No long range translationalorder Thin Film Widespread use in microelectronics, telecommunications, optical applications, coatings, etc.Metals Ferrous steels and cast iron Nonferrous aluminum, titanium, nickel Ceramics Compounds of metallic (semimetallic) and nonmetallicPolymers Thermoplastic Thermosetting Elastomers Composites Matrix and Second phaseMetalsCeramicsPolymersCompositesOverview of MaterialsMission of ChemistrySynthesisStructuresApplicationsPropertiesNew materialsResearch Scopes of Inorganic Chemistry?Coordination Chemistry its development accelerate bioinorganic chemistry and metal organic chemistry ?Bioinorganic Chemistry ?Molecular Polyhedron Chemistry such as boron alkyl polyhedron ?Metal- organic Chemistry ?Nano Cluster Chemistry ?Inorganic Solid State ChemistryThermal ?G ?H Practical applicationsStructureReactionSolid State ChemistrySynthesisStructure, Composition AnalysisPropertiesProduct characterization, computation, experimental conditions, theoretical explanationdynamics K Theoretical explanation3Properties are the way the material responds to the environment and external forces. Mechanical properties response to mechanical forces, strength, etc. Electricaland magneticproperties response electrical and magnetic fields, conductivity, etc. Thermal properties are related to transmission of heat and heat capacity. Optical properties include to absorption, transmission and scattering of light. Chemical stability in contact with the environment - corrosion resistance.PropertiesLandmarks in the Synthesis of Inorganic Solid State MaterialsZrO2(Y2O3), 1900, oxide conductor InP,1910, IIIV semiconductor Bi2(MoO4)3, 1915, oxide catalyst - Al2O3(Mg,Ca)Na, 1916, solid state electrode BaTiO3, 1926, ferroelectric materials ZrO2(CaO),1929, O2 sensor LiNbO3, 1937, nonlinear optical materials BaFe12O19, 1938, memory materials V3Si,1939, high temperature superconductor (Zn,Cd)S,1940, anode radical luminescence monitor LaNi5, 1943, super magnetic field materials, hydrogen storage materials Amorphous Si, 1944, solar cellsZeolite,1948, catalyst K0.5MoS2, 1959, electrode materials LixTiS2 ,1959, electrode materials SnMo6O8, 1967, superconducting materials Y2O2S:Eu2+, 1969, color TV PdSi, 1977, soft magnetic materials Li3N, 1979, ion conductors Nd2Fe14B, 1984, permanent magnetic materials BaxLa5- xCu5O5(3- y), 1986, high temperature superconductor Multicomponent fluorides glass, 1986, intercontinental optical fibers communication C nanotubes, 1991, potential applications in many fields WS2,1992, multilayer tubesLandmarks in the Synthesis of Inorganic Solid State Materials Importance of Prepa