语法专项突破语法专项突破语法专项十二 并列连词和状语从句知识必备 1并列连词归纳属性连接词典型例句 并列 关系and，not only.but also, neither.nor.Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night. 选择 关系or，either.or.， otherwise, or elseEither you are mad，or I am. 转折 关系but，yet，while， whenMary was a nice girl，but she had one shortcoming. 因果 关系for, soSomeone is coming，for the dog is barking.2.使用时特别注意其连词特性(1)and，not only.but (also).，neither，nor，neither.nor.等词连词连 接的并列句，在意义义上主要对对前一句子作补补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义义。如：Think it over，and youll find a way out.仔细细考虑虑，你将发现发现 一条出路。Neither does he work hard，nor does his brother.他和他兄弟工作都不努力。(2)or, either.or.连连接并列句表示选择选择 意义义。如：The children can go with us，or they can stay in.(选选择择)孩子们们可以跟我们们一起去，也可以留下。Be careful，or you will break your neck.(否定条件)小心点，否则则你会折断脖子的。二、状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。1时间状语从句通常由从属连词when，whenever，as，while，before，after，as soon as，till(until)，since，once(一旦)等引导。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别别人工作时时，请请不要大声说话说话 。Once you understand the rules of the game，youll enjoy it.一旦你理解了游戏规则戏规则 ，你就会享受到它的乐乐趣。as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner.than.和hardly/scarcely.when.(一就)这这些从属连词连词 引导导的从句都表示从句的动动作一发发生，主句的动动作随即就发发生，常译为译为 “一就”。从句中用一般时态时态 代替将来时态时态 。如：The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲亲来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station that the train left.我们们一到车车站，火车车就离站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见见到妈妈妈妈 便放声大哭。注意：no sooner.than.和hardly/scarcely.when.的时态时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导导的句子的谓语动词应谓语动词应 用过过去完成时时，而than与when引导导的句子的谓语动词应谓语动词应 用一般过过去时时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时时，应应用倒装语语序。如：Ihad hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就下起雨来。2地点状语从句通常由连词连词 where和wherever引导导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。如：Make a mark where you have any questions.在你有问题问题 的地方作个标记标记 。3原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导导。如：Seeing that its raining，wed better stay indoors.既然下雨，我们们最好待在室内。Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长经长 大了，就必须须自己做这这件事。Considering that I have told you three times，you must know it.鉴鉴于我已经经告诉诉你三次，你必须须知道它。4目的状语从句目的状语语从句通常由that，so that，in order that，so，for fear that，in case等引导导。如：The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can understand well.老师师必须讲话须讲话 清楚，学生才能理解得好。Take your umbrella in case it should rain.拿着雨伞伞，以防下雨。(1)目的状语语从句中的谓语谓语 常含有may (might)，can (could)，should，will等情态动词态动词 。通常主句在前，从句在后，主句与从句之间间没有逗号。(2)由that引导导的目的状语语从句现现在用得较较少，通常被so that或in order that所取代，in order that多用于正式文体中，so可用于口语语或非正式文体中。如：Well sit near the front so (that) we can hear better.为为了听得更好我们们坐得更靠近前台。 (3)在非正式文体中，常用in case，for fear that引导导目的状语语从句，表示“以防、以免”等。如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in case his father should see him.这这个男孩藏在树树后，以防他爸爸看见见。He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字记记下来以防忘记记。5结果状语从句通常由连词连词 that，so that，so.that，such.that等引导导。如：He had overslept，so that he was late for work.他睡过头过头 了，结结果上班迟迟到了。He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.他如此生气以致于什么也没说说就离开了房间间。He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.他做了个如此优优秀的演讲讲以致于每个人都崇拜他。6条件状语从句通常由if，unless“如果不，除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that)“结结果，万一”等连词连词 引导导。如：In case anything important happens，please call me up.万一发发生了什么重要事情，请请打电话给电话给 我。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.只要你有信心，你就能成功。7方式状语从句通常由as，as if，as though引导导。如：You must do the exercise as I show you.你必须须按我给给你展示的方式做练习练习 。as if，as though引导导的状语语从句，多描述非现实现实 情况，应应用虚拟语拟语 气，但口语语中也有用陈陈述语语气的。如：The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老人对对待这这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样样。He walked slowly as if(though) he had hurt his leg.他走路慢得就像腿受伤伤了。8比较状语从句通常由as.as，not so (as).as，than等引导导。如：His brother is as handsome as he(him)他的哥哥像他一样帅样帅 。The film was not so (as) good as I had expected.这这部电电影比我期望得差。He swims faster than any other student in his class.他比班里其他任何同学都游得快。9让步状语从句通常由though，although，as(虽虽然，尽管)，even if，even though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter who(what，which，when，where，how)，whether等引导导。(1)由although，though，as引导导的状语语从句although和though同义义，用法基本相同。前者较较正式，多置于句首；后者较较通俗、口语语化。如：He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.尽管他有钱钱，但并不幸福。as引导导的让让步状语语从句多用于书书面语语，语语序要倒装，它比用though或although引导让导让 步状语语从句更有表现现力，语语气更强。如：Difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it in time.虽虽然这项这项 任务务很难难，他们还们还 是设设法及时时完成了。Much as I like it，I wont buy the expensive car.尽管我很喜欢这辆车欢这辆车 ，但我不会买这买这 么贵贵的车车。though引导导的让让步状语语从句，除了用于自然语语序外，也可用于倒装语语序，although则则不可用于此句型。如：Clever though (as) you may be，you cannot do that.尽管你可能很聪聪明，但你不能做那件事。(2)even if，even thoughEven if he is poor，she loves him.即使他很穷穷，她还还是爱爱他。Even though he is poor，she loves him.尽管他很穷穷，但她还还是爱爱他。(3)由wh 词词ever引导让导让 步状语语从句。如：Keep calm，whatever happens.不管发发生什么都要保持冷静。Whenever you call on me，you are always welcome.不管何时时你来看我，我都欢欢迎。口语语中常用no matter wh 来代替wh ever引导让导让 步状语语从句。如：No m