第八章 城市公园绿地规划设计v 城市公园绿地是城市中向公众 开放的、以游憩为主要功能， 有一定的游憩设施，同时兼有 健全生态、美化景观、防灾减 灾等综合作用的绿化用地。它 是城市建设用地、城市绿化系 统和城市市政公用设施的重要 组成部分，是表示城市整体环 境水平和居民生活质量的一项 重要指标。v 第一节 城市公园绿地概述 v 一、城市公园绿地的发展简史 v 二、城市公园绿地规划的原则 v 三、城市公园绿地的分类系统 v 四、城市公园绿地指标和游人容量 v 五、城市公园绿地规划设计的程序与内容Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.一、城市公园绿地的发展简史（一）城市公园的起源世界造园已有6000多年的历史，而公园的出现却只是近一、 二百年的事 。17世纪中叶，首先在英国、继而在法国和全欧洲爆发的资产阶 级革命，武装推翻了封建王朝，建立起土地贵族与大资产阶级联 盟的君主立宪政权，宣告资本主义社会制度的诞生。在“自由、平 等、博爱”的口号下，新兴的资产阶级没收了封建领主及皇室的财 产，把大大小小的宫苑和私园向公众开放，统称为“公园”。这些园 林具备城市公园的雏形，为19世纪欧洲各大城市公园的发展打下 了基础。1843年，英国利物浦动用税收建造了公众可免费使用的伯肯 海德公园，标志着第一个城市公园正式诞生。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.comEvaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.com美国城市公园的发展1.“公园墓地”运动 2.城市公园运动（the city park movement)Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.com“公园墓地”运动 19世纪中期最先在波士顿掀起了“公园墓地”运动。 墓地建设多选择在郊外景色优美的地方，同时结合了公园设计的手法，并且由宗教团体、市议会和联邦政府以及私人共同出资建造。公 园墓地使得人们认识到了公园的魅力，从而拉开美国公园建设的序幕 。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.com城市公园运动（the city park movement)主要人物：马尔什(GPMarch) 唐宁(A.j.Downing) 奥姆斯特德(F、LOlmsted)19世纪中叶，在美国开展了一场关于建造城市公园的大讨论。 一些专家在看到利用科学技术改造城市的可能性时，也思考着如何保 护大自然和充分利用土地资源的问题。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.时间地点19世纪中叶美国马尔什(GPMarch)理论从认真的观察和研究中看到了人与 自然、动物与植物之间相互依存的 关系，主张人与自然要正确地合作。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.com时间地点1851年纽约造园家唐宁(A.j.Downing)事迹倡导修建纽约市第一个公园，即后来的中央公园。Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.www.themegallery.com时间地点1858年美国 纽约景观建筑师 奥姆斯特德(FLOlmsted)事迹主持纽约中央公园的设计Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.